Approaches & Methodologies

Approaches & Methodologies

1. Grammatical

   • origins are from 19th century classical Greek and Latin instruction, maintains a teacher-centered emphasis on rules and structure of target language
   • methodologies include grammar-translation, direct, and audiolingual
     • grammar-translation method: emphasis on reading, writing, and grammar; rules of grammar are taught explicitly
     • direct method: total immersion in L2, open-ended responses
     • audiolingual method: emphasizes error correction, drills, and repetitive practice
   • application: after reading a passage, the teacher asks students to define words, as well ascome up with synonyms and antonyms of certain words

2. Communicative

   • language learning through communication, constructivism, and social interaction; student-centered
   • methodologies include silent way, natural way, suggestopedia, integrated content-based, and sheltered instruction
     • silent way: teacher modeling and talking, rarely content-based
     • natural way: comprehensible input, minimal error correction
     • suggestopedia: relaxed physical setting, use of L1 for explanations
     • integrated content-based: L2 development, content + language
     • sheltered instruction: grade-level modified curriculum, scaffolding
   • application: when learning about Thanksgiving, students talk with each other about what they do for Thanksgiving as well as holidays that are important to them

3. Cognitive

   • learner-centered, explicit teaching of learning strategies
   • methodologies include CALLA
     • CALLA: focus on CALP in L1 and L2, prior knowledge, developmentally appropriate language instruction
   • application: students are able to self-monitor so they can check their reading comprehension

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