Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition

1. Jim Cummins

   • BICS
     • basic interpersonal communicative skills: the language that children learn in the early years of life
   • CALP
     • cognitive academic language proficiency; takes at least 5 years for kids to master
       • It would be extremely helpful for me to know about my students’ CALP, because then I could give them the extra care and attention that will help them in the long run.
   • Means that just because a student speaks a language does not mean that they fully understand the complex writing and grammatical aspects of the language

2. Stephen Krashen

   • Comprehensible Input
     • Despite individual variation, we all acquire language in the same way.
       • We acquire language in one way and only one way: when we understand messages, or comprehensible input.
         • Spock drawing

3. BF Skinner

   • Behaviorism
     • His theory, operant conditioning, stated that behavior is controlled by consequences
       • He believed that learning a language is done through behavior, meaning that a positive or negative stimulus can affect learning

4. Noam Chomsky

   • Universal Grammar
     • states that all human language rests on innate building blocks of expression
       • Verbs
       • Nouns
       • Adjectives
     • By pointing out the connections between languages students are able to locate similarities in English

5. Judi Haynes

   • Students learn a language in 5 stages
     • Stage 1: Pre-Production
     • Stage 2: Early producton
     • Stage 3: Speech Emergence
     • Stage 4: Intermediate Fluency
     • Stage 5: Advanced Fluency
   • Important because students go through each stage but each can experience them differently

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