Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates | Biological Molecules Simplified #1 (Einbetten)

Elements in Carbs

• Elements in Carbs include:
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• They have a 1:2:1 ratio
• Example:
• A glucose molecule has 6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, and 6 oxygen molecules.
• 

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

• Monomers of Carbohydrates are monosaccharides which is a hexagon shape molecule.
• Examples:
• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose
• They provide energy for the cell and they are the building blocks of polysaccharides.
• Disaccharides are "double sugars"
• Examples:
• Sucrose- table sugar made with glucoses and fructose
• Lactose- is milk sugar made with glucose and galactose
• Maltose- is malt and is made up of glucose and glucose

Polysaccharides

• Polysaccharides are branched chains of monosaccharides, which are usually glucose.
• Examples:
• Cellulose: a structural polysaccharide of plants; "Bran is an important source of fiber"
• Starch: stored carbs in plant like potato and flour
• Glycogen: are carbs stored un animal liver and muscles.
• Chitin: are exoskeleton of insects, crabs, shrimp, and lobsters.
• Benedict test: a clear blue solution that turns opaque, green, yellow, orange, or red because of monosaccharides