B) Deontology - created from Mind Map

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Can test moral actions

Categorical Imperatives

Persuasive and reliable

Absolute moral theory

unchanging principle

Charles Fried - that which is permissible

not confusing

No complicated calculations

opposition to Utilitarianism

less risk and uncertainty

Humanitarian principle

basis for human rights

absolutist - no exceptions

Shelly Kagan

duties conflict - no guidance

e.g. government sacrifice soldiers for majority

W D Ross - bridge some gaps

more applicable 21st cent

but contradicts Kant

Universibility

redutio ad absurdum

William K Frankena

"All boys called Frank wear green shoes..."

Naturalistic Fallacy

Hume - Is/ought gap

removes sympathy and emotion

Singer

e.g. freedom fighters

'moral fanaticism' - closed system

dangerous

elevation of perceived duty above all consideration of humanity

e.g. Adolf Eichmann - Nazi SS officer

Conclusion

logical and reasoned

limited and rigid

Schopenhauer

disagree - reason not separate from desire

guided by intuition

'After having avoided wrong and doing one's duty, an infinity of choices are left to be made.'

the theory 'imposes restraints on our moral behaviour.' - restrict from following moral intuition

"There is more to the moral point of view than being willing to universalise one's rules."

It is only when a person loses all sympathy with the fate of others and is not moved by intimations that an action has its genuine moral worth."

Pharisees "You give God a tenth of your mint but you neglect justice and love of God. You should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone."

'cold and inhumane' - practical and arrive at conclusions that work in real world.

B) Deontology

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