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1One of the results of avoidance conditioning is that:
- Athe aversive stimulus must be presented before the avoidance response will occur
- Bit easily generalizes to other situations
- Cresponding decreases very slowly when the backup aversive stimulus may no longer be forthcoming
- Dthe results last only for a short time
2A child screams loudly in a restaurant, causing some embarrassment for the parent. The parent gives the child an extra dessert, and the child is quiet. The parent's behavior of giving the extra dessert has been influenced by:
- Aescape conditioning
- Bavoidance conditioning
- CSidman avoidance conditioning
- Dpunishment
3Another name for "conditioned aversive stimulus" is warning stimulus.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
4Escape conditioning and positive reinforcement are similar in that:
- Aboth cause fear as a side effect
- Bboth involve aversive events
- Cboth involve reinforcers
- Dboth lead to an increase in the likelihood of behavior
5The child hears the bell (which rings continuously) of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates. The sound of the bell will become a(n) __________for the response of salivation.
- ACS
- BUS
- CCR
- DSD
6The way that you learn to express an emotion is influenced by [blank_start]operant conditioning[blank_end]
- Aoperant conditioning
7Suppose, on a warm summer day, you close your eyes and imagine that you are at the beach, and you visualize a good looking person in a bathing suit. This is an example of [blank_start]respondent thinking[blank_end]
- Arespondent thinking
8The emotion called joy (or happiness) is caused by:
- Apresentation of reinforcers
- Bpresentation of aversive stimuli
- Cwithdrawal of aversive stimuli
- Dwithdrawal of reinforcers
9When the probability of the behavior is different in the presence of two different stimuli or situations, [blank_start]stimulus discrimination[blank_end] is occurring.
- Astimulus discrimination
10Which of the following is not a tactic for programming stimulus generalization?
- Atraining sufficient response exemplars
- Bmaking the training situation as similar as possible to the test situation, and if possible, training in the test situation
- Cprogramming common stimuli by developing the target behavior to stimuli that are present in both training and test situations
- Dtraining sufficient stimulus exemplars
11Developing a behavior that comes under the control of natural contingencies of reinforcement so that the behavior will persist after the training contingencies are withdrawn is called [blank_start]behavioral trapping[blank_end]
- Abehavioral trapping
12An infant learns to say "doggy" to a large dog. Later, the infant sees a different kind of dog and says "doggy." This represents stimulus generalization due to:
- Astimulus equivalence training
- Bconceptual learning
- Cphysical similarity
- Dbehavioral momentum
13The more reinforcement that occurs in a given situation in which a response is reinforced, the more resistant to disruption that response will be in that situation. This is referred to as [blank_start]behavioral momentum[blank_end]
- Abehavioral momentum
14Conditioned aversive stimulus is another name for response cost.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
15In escape conditioning, the aversive stimulus is not present prior to the occurrence of the response, and the response prevents (or postpones) the aversive stimulus rather than removing it.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
16In studies of newborn infants, flinging out the arms sideways is a CR to a loud sound.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
17The feeling component of our emotions is controlled by respondent conditioning.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
18In studies of newborn infants, gagging occurs when the back of the mouth is touched.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
19Conditioned sensing involves the operant component of thinking.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
20In stimulus generalization, an individual makes a different response to two different
stimuli, whereas in stimulus discrimination, an individual makes the same response to two different stimuli- ARichtig
- BFalsch
21If you tell someone to stop eating candies and the person stops, then that would be an example of [blank_start]rule-governed behavior[blank_end]
- Arule-governed behavior
22A description of a three-term contingency is referred to as a(n):
- Apartial rule
- Brule-governed behavior
- Ccontingency shaped behavior
- Drule
23Which of the following is not accurate?
- A"Do your best" goals are more effective than challenging goals.
- BSpecific goals are more effective than vague goals.
- CPublic goals are more effective than private goals.
- DGoal-setting is more effective if deadlines are included.
24Presenting physical contact to guide someone through appropriate behavior is called [blank_start]physical guidance[blank_end]
- Aphysical guidance
25Which of the following is not a proposed category of situational inducement?
- Acounterconditioning
- Brelocating people
- Cmoving the activity to a new location
- Dchanging the time of the activity
26A procedure in which a client practices particular behaviors in a practice setting to increase the likelihood that those behaviors will occur appropriately in the real world is called [blank_start]behavioral rehearsal[blank_end]
- Abehavioral rehearsal
27Events that temporarily alter the effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers or punishers are called [blank_start]motivating operations[blank_end]
- Amotivating operations
28With conditioned motivating operations:
- Aboth the value-altering and behavior altering effects are learned
- Bthe value-altering effect is innate and the behavior altering effect is learned
- Cthe value-altering effect is learned and the behavior altering effect is innate
- Dboth the value-altering and behavior altering effects are innate
29A child comes home from school and is hungry. The parent tells the child that there are fresh cookies in the cupboard, and the child can have one. This instruction from the parent is an example of a(n):
- ASD
- BCMAO
- CS?
- DCMEO
30A parent points to a dog and asks the child, "What's that?" and the child replies, "dog." The reply by the child is an example of a(n) [blank_start]tact[blank_end]
- Atact
31Rules that do not contain deadlines are about as effective as rules that do contain
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
32Use of goals to influence performance capitalizes on rule-governed control over behavior.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
33Public goals are more effective than private goals.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
34To stop drinking, an alcoholic surrounds himself with members of Alcoholics Anonymous and stops seeing his old drinking buddies. This is an example of symbolic modeling.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
35Punishment is an important antecedent control procedure.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
36Motivating operations are events that temporarily alter the effects of consequences as reinforcers or punishers.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
37A motivating abolishing operation increases the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
38With unconditioned motivating operations, the value-altering effect is learned.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
39A parent says "water," and the child mimics "water." The response of the child is an example of a(n) [blank_start]echoic[blank_end]
- Aechoic
40If after having been reinforced for imitating a number of behaviors, an individual imitates a completely new behavior the first time that behavior is modeled, we say that [blank_start]generalized limitation[blank_end] has occurred.
- Ageneralized limitation
41Assume that you are a professional behavior modifier. Under which of the following conditions would you treat a behavior problem that had been referred to you?
- AOnce the behavioral goal is reached, it would be easily generalized and maintained.
- BThe problem is one that would appear to be unmanageable.
- CThe problem appears to have a medical cause.
- DThe problem was referred primarily for the benefit of the client's family.
42Training in a test situation, varying the training conditions, programming common stimuli, and training sufficient stimulus exemplars are four important aspects of [blank_start]programming stimulus generalization[blank_end]
- Aprogramming stimulus generalization
43Varying the acceptable responses during training or using behavioral momentum to increase low-probability responses are two strategies for programming [blank_start]response generalization[blank_end]
- Aresponse generalization
44A clear statement of what behaviors of what individuals will produce what reinforcers, and who will deliver those reinforcers, is referred to as a [blank_start]behavioral contract[blank_end]
- Abehavioral contract
45The fact that they can be given immediately after a desirable behavior occurs and cashed in at a later time for a back-up reinforcer is one of the major advantages to using:
- Atoken reinforcers
- Bunconditioned reinforcers
- Cintrinsic reinforcers
- Dextrinsic reinforcers
46In a token economy, taking away tokens following problem behavior is an example of [blank_start]response-cost[blank_end]
punishment:- Aresponse-cost
47Which of the following is not one of the considerations for deciding on the token price of each backup reinforcer in a token economy:
- Athe size of the backup reinforcers
- Bsupply and demand for the backup reinforcers
- Cmonetary cost of the backup reinforcers
- Dthe therapeutic value of the backup reinforcers
48___________ and ____________ are two general methods of weaning clients from tokens when transferring behavior to the natural environment.
- AGradually eliminating tokens; gradually decreasing token value
- BStimulus fading; stimulus shaping
- CGradually fading staff participation; gradually eliminating experimenter supervision
- DStimulus withdrawal; programming for generalization
49Which of the following is not one of the initial steps in setting up a token economy?
- Aprogramming generality to the natural environment
- Bdeciding on the target behaviors
- Ctaking baselines
- Dselecting backup reinforcers
50Which of the following is not a feature of the teaching family model for treating pre- delinquent youth?
- Aan emphasis on normalization
- Ba governing system in which married couples make all of the decisions regarding daily living rules for the pre-delinquent youth
- Ca token economy in which participants earn points for appropriate behavior and cash them in for privileges
- Dongoing evaluation of the performance of the participants
51Emitting a controlling behavior to effect a change in a behavior to be controlled is the model of self-management originally proposed by [blank_start]Skinner[blank_end]
- ASkinner
52A commitment to change refers to:
- Aa rule that you state that it is important to change your behavior, that you will work toward doing so and that you recognize the benefits of doing so
- Bthe willpower needed to change
- Cclear identification of a self-control goal
- Da high frequency of thoughts about the benefits of changing
53A clear written statement of what behaviors of which individuals will produce what reinforcers and who will deliver those reinforcers defines:
- Aa commitment to change
- Bmastery criterion
- Ca behavioral contract
- Dthe Premack Principle
54Many people play racquetball without wearing protective goggles. This is because:
- Athe negative consequences are highly improbable
- Bthe negative consequences are very delayed
- Cthey want to look macho
- Dthe negative consequences are only cumulatively significant
55Which of the following is not one of the steps in a self-control program?
- Aselect delayed reinforcers
- Bspecify the problem and set goals
- Cmake a commitment to change
- Dtake data and analyze causes
56When designing a behavior modification program, it is unnecessary to assess whether the behaviors of concern can be counted, timed, or measured in some way.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
57When attempting to decrease a problem behavior, the behavior modifier should first determine whether or not punishment can be used.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
58When designing a behavior modification program, the behavior modifier must include strategies to program generality of behavior change.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
59Before and during implementation of a token economy, one must decide how staff in the token economy will be supervised.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
60A guideline for identifying behaviors which no longer require token reinforcement is to identify those behaviors that have received continuous reinforcement under the token economy.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
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- Beschreibung
- Psychology Quiz am Ohne Titel, erstellt von ashley marie am 17/10/2017.
- Autor
- ashley marie
- Sprache
- English
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