3928071
Frage 1
Frage
How is the order of nucleotides in mRNA used to generate the linear sequences of amino acids in protein?
Antworten
-
process known as translation
-
process know as transcription
-
process know as post translational modifications
Frage 2
Frage
What process is the most highly conserved across all organism and the most energetically costly?
Antworten
-
translation
-
transcription
-
cellular respiration
Frage 3
Frage
Transcription is a more formidable challenge than translation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
Frage
The hydrophobic side chains of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan forms interactions with the mRNA template.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
Frage
Crick proposed a [blank_start]special adaptor[blank_end] molecule that directly interacts with the coding units of mRNA. He proposed to also be a [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] molecule.
Antworten
-
RNA
-
special adaptor
Frage 6
Frage
amino acids that are attached to a class of RNA molecules that represent 15% of all celluar RNA and transfer amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.
Antworten
-
tRNA
-
rRNA
-
mRNA
Frage 7
Frage
The translation machinery is comprised of ?
Antworten
-
mRNAs
-
tRNAs
-
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS)
-
ribosome
-
rRNA
-
DNA
Frage 8
Frage
The competent of the translation machinery are always discarded after use.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 9
Frage
Provides the information to be interpreted by translation machinery
Antworten
-
DNA
-
mRNA
-
amino acids
Frage 10
Frage
This region of the mRNA specifies the order of amino acids by the ordered series of 3-nucleotide-long units called codons?
Antworten
-
introns
-
poly A tail
-
protein coding region
Frage 11
Frage
couple amino acids to specific tRNAs that recognize the appropriate codon?
Antworten
-
ribozymes
-
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
-
poly-a-polymerase
Frage 12
Frage
coordinates correct recognition of mRNA by each tRNA and catalyzes peptide bond formation between growing peptide chain and amino acids attached to tRNA
Antworten
-
ribosomes
-
ribozymes
-
transferase
Frage 13
Frage
in mRNA containing 2 or more open reading frames that can encode for multiple polypeptide chains
Antworten
-
eukaryotic
-
prokaryotic
Frage 14
Frage
protein coding regions of each mRNA is composed of contiguous, non-overlapping string of codons called?
Antworten
-
protein coding region
-
origin of replication
-
ORF
Frage 15
Frage
Eukaryotes, contain a single ORF that encode for multiple protein which is called polycistronic.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 16
Frage
translation starts at the [blank_start]5'[blank_end] end of ORF and proceeds into the 3' end
Antworten
-
5'
-
3'
Frage 17
Frage
Start codons in bacteria
Antworten
-
AUG
-
GUG
-
UUG
-
UAA
-
UGA
Frage 18
Frage
eukaryotic cells always use AUG as a stop codon
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 19
Frage
fundamental unit of an ORF is a [blank_start]codon[blank_end]
Antworten
-
codon
Frage 20
Frage
What are the important functions of a start codon?
Antworten
-
specify first amino acid incorporation
-
contains special interactions with tRNA for protein synthesis
-
defines the reading frame for all subsequent codons
-
allows for hydrogen bonding to other bases
Frage 21
Frage
Since the codons are a 3-nucleotide long, any stretch of mRNA could be translated in three different reading frames by overlapping.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
Frage
Stop codons are UAG,UGA and UAA in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
Eukaryotic mRNA recruit ribosomes by the shine-dalgarno sequence which is ribosome binding site(RBS) that recruit the translation machinery.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 24
Frage
the ribosome binding site
Antworten
-
binds with the 16s rRNA of the ribosome
-
has a sequnce of CCUCCU
-
always has poor spacing
-
in all prokaryote has strong binding
Frage 25
Frage
limited complementarity and poor spacing promotes active translation
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 26
Frage
some prokaryotes lack a strong RBS but can still be actively translated by having a start and a stop codon right next to each other.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
who uses their 5' and 3' modified ends to facilitate translation?
Antworten
-
bacteria
-
prokaryotes
-
eukaryotes
Frage 28
Frage
Kozak sequence
Antworten
-
a purine, three bases upstream of the start codon and a guanine downstream
-
extreme 5' end
-
presence
-
scanning
-
interacts with initiator tRNA
Frage 29
Frage
5' cap allows the ribosome to be recruited in order to go through a process called scanning.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
[blank_start]poly-A-tail[blank_end] at the end of mRNA enhances the level of translation of mRNA by promoting efficient recycling of [blank_start]ribosomes[blank_end].
Antworten
-
poly-A-tail
-
ribosomes
Frage 31
Frage
[blank_start]tRNA[blank_end] molecules are 75 to 95 ribonucleotides in length which there are many types of.
Antworten
-
tRNA
Frage 32
Frage
The site at which amino acid is attached by the enzyme aminoacyl tRNA syntheses?
Antworten
-
D loop
-
5'CCA3'
-
anticodon loop
-
TYC loop
Frage 33
Frage
Unusual bases found in tRNAs primary structure created by post-transcriptional modifications?
Antworten
-
pseudouridine
-
dihydrouridine
-
hypoxanthine
-
uridine
Frage 34
Frage
principle features of the tRNA clover leaf are
Antworten
-
acceptor stem
-
YU loop
-
D loop
-
anticodon loop
-
constant loop
-
variable loop
Frage 35
Frage
L-shape reveals the secondary structure of tRNA, which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds only.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 36
Frage
charged tRNAs have an amino acid attached to them by amino alkyl linkage
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 37
Frage
acyl linkage is a high energy bond that is hydrolysis results in a large change in free energy, which helps drive the formation of peptide bonds
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 38
Frage
step one of aminoacyl-tRNA charging is [blank_start]adenylyation[blank_end] which amino acid reacts with ATP, amino acid is attached to adenylic acid via group transfer ester bond.
Antworten
-
adenylyation
Frage 39
Frage
Whats the driving force that make adenylaltion energetically favorable reaction?
Antworten
-
the release of pyrophosphate (PPI)
-
hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi)
Frage 40
Frage
In step two of aminoacyl tRNA-charging- the adenylylated amino acid which is highly bound to the synthetase reacts with?
Antworten
-
tRNA
-
PPI
-
another amino acid
Frage 41
Frage
Class 2 tRNA syntheses enzyme attach the amino acid to the 2'OH of the tRNA and are generally monomeric.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 42
Frage
each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase attaches a single amino acid to only one tRNA which is know as isoaccepting tRNAs.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
Frage
most organism have 20 different tRNA synthetase
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 44
Frage
tRNA structure that determine recognition by specific aminacyl tRNA synthetases?
Antworten
-
acceptor stem and discriminator base
-
D loop
-
anticodon loop
-
variable loop
Frage 45
Frage
Why does aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase face a challenge in selecting the correct amino acid?
Antworten
-
small size
-
side chains
-
similarity
Frage 46
Frage
There is more proofreading after the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase has used its editing pocket to charge tRNAs with low accuracy.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 47
Frage
when cysteinyl-tRNA ^cys converted to alanine-tRNA^ cys ( by reduction) and added to a cell free protein synthesizing system, alanine-tRNA^cys introduces alanines at the codons that are suppose to be cysteine. why?
Antworten
-
ribosomes recognize tRNA not amino acid that its carrying
-
wrong tRNA has been incorporated
-
the tRNA is isoaccepting therefore can carry more than one amino acid
Frage 48
Frage
Eukaryotes can commence translation of the mRNA as it emerges from the RNA polymerase because the transcription machinery and the translation machinery are in the same compartment.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 49
Frage
The ribosome is made up of large subunit which contains the [blank_start]peptidase transferase center[blank_end] and the small subunit that contains the [blank_start]decoding center[blank_end].
Antworten
-
decoding center
-
peptidase transferase center
-
30S
-
50S
Frage 50
Frage
polysomes are
Antworten
-
mRNA with multiple ribosomes
-
spaced 80 nt apart
-
polyribosomes
-
happen in eukaryotes
-
happen in prokaryotes
Frage 51
Frage
When small and large subunits undergo of the ribosome associate with each other and the mRNA, translate the target mRNA, then dissociate after each round of sythesis.
Antworten
-
ribosome cycle
-
sedimentation by centrifugation
-
polysome
Frage 52
Frage
translation occurs
Antworten
-
from 5' to 3'
-
from N terminal to C-terminal
-
by attaching new amino acid to the C-terminus of a growing polypeptide chain
Frage 53
Frage
substrate(s) for a round of amino acid addition are
Antworten
-
2 charged species of tRNA
-
1 charged species of tRNA
Frage 54
Frage
The bond between the aminoacyl-tRNA and the amino acid is not broken during the formation of the next peptide bond.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 55
Frage
What drives the peptide bond formation?
Antworten
-
simultaneous hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate
-
breaking the high energy acyl bond that joins the growing polypeptide chain to the tRNA
Frage 56
Frage
ribosomal RNAs are represent the main component of the ribosome because
Antworten
-
are located in the interior of the ribosome
-
essential for the peptidyl transferase reaction and binding the anticodon loop of tRNAs
-
are larger then proteins
-
protein stable rRNA by shielding negative charges of their sugar phosphate backbones
Frage 57
Frage
what are the three binding sites for tRNA on a ribosome
Antworten
-
A site
-
D site
-
Enter site
-
P site
-
E site
Frage 58
Frage
peptidyl transferase center
Antworten
-
formed by 20 nucleotides of 23s RNA
-
the 3'OH group of the tRNA in the P site is critical for activity and assist a concerted proton transfer
-
orients tRNAs in optimal proximity for peptidyltransferase rxn to occur
Frage 59
Frage
what allows only unpaired RNA to pass through the small and large subunit of the ribosome?
Antworten
-
entry and amino channel
-
exit and adjacent channel
-
entry and exit channel
Frage 60
Frage
[blank_start]Entry[blank_end] channel is through the small subunit which is only wide enough to let unpaired mRNA through and too narrow for a [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] structure. Ensures that codons in mRNA will be exposed and available for pairing with the anticodon loops of tRNA.
Antworten
-
Entry
-
secondary
Frage 61
Frage
the kink in the mRNA between two codons are included after ribosome translocation to not allow any entry of the mRNA
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 62
Frage
[blank_start]Exit[blank_end] channel lets nascent polypeptide through. Some secondary structures can form inside but some can't. But [blank_start]tertiary[blank_end] and quaternary structure will not be formed until after its exit the ribosome.
Antworten
-
Exit
-
tertiary
Frage 63
Frage
Successful initiation in translation occurs when?
Antworten
-
ribosome is recruited to the mRNA
-
ribosome placed over the start codon
-
charged tRNA placed into P site
-
tRNA goes through hydrolysis
Frage 64
Frage
translation initiation in prokaryotes is mostly done in the absence of the full ribosome
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 65
Frage
Specialized charged tRNA that binds directly to the P site and not the A site during initiation.
Antworten
-
met-tRNA
-
initiator tRNA
-
charged tRNA
Frage 66
Frage
One of the three initiation factors, that binds to the small subunit and block its from reassociating with the large subunit or from binding charged tRNAs.
Antworten
-
IF3
Frage 67
Frage
purple-one of the three initiation factors in prokaryotes, it is a GTAPase which interacts with IF 1, charged initiator tRNA, and the small subunit.
yellow-prevents tRNAs from binding to the portion of the small subunit that will become part of the A site.
Antworten
-
IF 1
-
IF 4
-
IF 3
-
IF2
Frage 68
Frage
the last step in initiation is the 70s initiation complex, where fmet-tRNA, start codon, base pair which allows the small subunit to undergo a conformational change.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 69
Frage
In eukaryotic initiation, the 43s pre-initiation complex
Antworten
-
1A attaches at the exit site
-
Met-tRNA^met is bound to e1F3
-
EIF1,3,5 are bound to the exit site
-
the initiation factors attach to the 40s ribosome
Frage 70
Frage
recognition of eukaryotic mRNAs after 43S pre initiation complex,
Antworten
-
recognition of 5' cap mediated by 3 subunits
-
recognition is mediated by a 3 subunit protein that specifically binds to RNA
-
unstructured mRNA recruits the 43S pre initiation complex to mRNA by eIF4F and eIF5
Frage 71
Frage
once the complex is assembled at the 5' end of the mRNA, they move along the 5'-3' direction by a process that ATP-dependent
Antworten
-
eIF4F-associated RNA helices
-
finding the start codon
-
base pairing of the anticodon
Frage 72
Frage
The reason why the initiator tRNA must bind to the small subunit before it binds to the mRNA is because it is used in scanning by recognizing the start codon through base pairing between anticodon of tRNA and start codon.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 73
Frage
The binding of the large subunit to the small subunit in eukaryotes
Antworten
-
releases initiation factors by GTP hydrolysis
-
FMet-tRNA is placed in the P site of the 80s initiation complex
-
start codon and initiator tRNA in the P site is now ready to accept charged tRNAs
Frage 74
Frage
Poly-A-binding protein and eIF4G interact by the 5' and 3' end of the mRNA to
Antworten
-
make mRNA linear
-
stabilize mRNA (exonucleases)
-
decrease efficiency of translation
-
helps recycling ribosomes
Frage 75
Frage
Exceptions to eukaryotic polypeptide being encoded by an open reading frame that starts with AUG?
Antworten
-
internal ribosome entry sites
-
eIF3
-
uORF
Frage 76
Frage
eIF4G adaptor role when an mRNA is capped?
Antworten
-
eIF4G directly binds to IRES
-
eIF4G binds to poly A tail
-
eIF4G serves as an adaptor between the pre initiation complex and the EIF4E bound to it
Frage 77
Frage
Elongation is very different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 78
Antworten
-
translocation
Frage 79
Frage
When EF-Tu is bound to GDP and lacking any bound nucleotide it shows high affinity for aminoacyl-tRNAs.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 80
Frage
What are one of the three mechanisms that contributes to the fidelity of codon recognition?
Antworten
-
two adjacent adenine residues in 16S
-
ATP hydrolysis
Frage 81
Frage
Third mechanism in correct codon-anticodon incorporation is [blank_start]accommodation[blank_end], which is rotation of tRNA into the peptidyl transferase center.
Antworten
-
accommodation
-
GTP hydrolysis
Frage 82
Frage
Reason why ribosome is a ribozyme?
Antworten
-
23s RNA
-
proteins
-
aminoacyl-tRNA
Frage 83
Frage
23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation by base pairing with the CCA variable loop of the tRNAs in the A and the P sites with help position alpha amino go of aminoacyl tRNA to attack carbonyl of growing peptide attached to peptidyl-tRNA.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 84
Frage
[blank_start]EF-G[blank_end] is an elongation factor that completes translocation by binding to the ribosome's factor binding center with GTP.
Antworten
-
EF-G
-
EF-Tu
Frage 85
Frage
[blank_start]molecular mimicry[blank_end] in which a protein takes on the appearance of a tRNA to facilitate association with the same binding site.
Antworten
-
molecular mimicry
-
all elongation factor
Frage 86
Frage
Exchange of GDP for GTP for both EF-TU-GDP and EF-G-GDP are? ( in order)
Antworten
-
GDP release and binds to new GTP, exchanging GDP for GTP by complex
-
exchanging GDP for GTP by complex, GDP release and binds to new GTP,
Frage 87
Frage
Eukaryotic factors analogous to EF-Tu ([blank_start]eEF1[blank_end]) and EF-G([blank_start]eEF2[blank_end]) are name differently but have similar function.
Antworten
-
eEF1
-
EIF1A
-
eEF2
-
EF-Tu
Frage 88
Frage
how many molecules of ATP and GTP are used for peptide bond formation?
Antworten
-
2 ATP and 1 GTP
-
2GTP and 1 ATP
-
3 ATP and 0 GTP
Frage 89
Frage
Termination of translation is done by
Antworten
-
RF1: recognizes UGA
-
release factors
-
RF2: recognizes UGA
-
eRF1
Frage 90
Frage
the name of the codon on the release factor the recognizes a stop codon?
Antworten
-
anticodon
-
peptide anticodon
-
GGQ
Frage 91
Frage
Class II release factor RF3,
Antworten
-
has higher affinity for GDP than GTP
-
conformational change in ribosome, the class 1 RF stimulates GDP to GTP exchange
-
No class 1 RF, RF-3-GDP has high affinity for ribosome
Frage 92
Frage
RRF
Antworten
-
ribosome recycling factor
-
mimics tRNA
-
works with EF-G and IF3
Frage 93
Frage
Puromycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which binds to the 16rRNA causing misreading of the genetic code
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 94
Frage
tetracycline is a polyketide, which block the p site.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 95
Frage
puromycin
Antworten
-
mimics aa-tRNA
-
used for cleaning purposes
Frage 96
Frage
SsrA
Antworten
-
in prokaryotes
-
initiation factor
-
tmRNA (tRNA/mRNA
Frage 97
Antworten
-
non-stop mediated decay
-
nonsense mediated mRNA decay
Frage 98
Antworten
-
nonstop mediated decay
-
nonsense mediated mRNA decay
Frage 99
Frage
protein mediated regulation in bacteria
Antworten
-
inhibition of 30s initiation complex binding
-
secondary structure of mRNA can inhibit translation initiation
Frage 100
Frage
riboswitches are
Antworten
-
RNA sensors for regulation of translation
-
binding to its own mRNA
Frage 101
Frage
regulation of translation by small RNA (sRNA) in bacteria
Antworten
-
eIF2
-
Hfq
Frage 102
Frage
initiation in eukaryotic translation is globally regulated by
Antworten
-
rapamycin
-
eIF4G
-
elF4E-binding proteins
Frage 103
Frage
gene specific regulation of translation through cap sequestration in eukaryotes
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 104
Frage
Iron regulation is mediated by amino acids acting as sensor via steric hinderance
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 105
Frage
[blank_start]Translation[blank_end] of GCN4 is controlled by short upstream ORFs.
Antworten
-
Translation
-
upregulation
Möchten Sie mit GoConqr kostenlos Ihre eigenen Quiz erstellen? eigenen Mehr erfahren.