Respiration

What is the diaphragm connected to?

• The diaphragm is connected to the lungs, ribs, and the vertebral column.
• The diaphragm separates the clean organs from the dirty organs.
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At rest, the diaphragm sits in what position?

• At rest, the diaphragm sits like an inverted bowl.
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What is Boyle's Law

• during inhalation-
• the lungs expand
• the pressure in the lungs decreases
• air flows towards the lower pressure in the lungs
• during exhalation-
• lung volume decreases
• pressure within the lungs increases
• air flows from the higher pressure in the lungs to the outside
• More pressure outside less pressure inside
• Less pressure outside more pressure inside
• Boyles Law from Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology Online (Einbetten)

Functional Definition of Respiration

• a biological function essential for life
• as respiratory competency decreases, speech efficiency will diminish as well
• Lung tissue and muscles of respiration are flexible and elastic
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How many lobes in each lung?

• 2 in the left lobe, 3 in the right lobe
• left lobe- because heart is present
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Mechanics of Respiration

• Inhalation pulls O2 in, while expiration removes CO2
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Inspiration vs. Expiration

• Inspiration is breathing in O2 and is active
• Expiration is breathing out waste CO2 which is passive

Vertebral column

• Cervical- 7
• Thoracic- 12
• Lumbar- 5
• Sacral- 5
• Coccygeal- 3 or 4
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What is the thoracic vert. connected to?

• The thoracic cavity is connected to the sternum anteriorly
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How many ribs are there and what

• True ribs- 1-7 direct attachment to the sternum
• False Ribs- 8-10 chondral ends runs superiorly to attach to sternum
• Floating ribs 11-12 articulate only with the vertebral column
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Alveoli

• alveoli function- gas exchange
• Air sacs at birth = about 25 million
• Air sacs as an adult = 300 million
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Muscles of Respiration-1

• 
• primary muscle of the thorax
• diaphragm
• MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION

MOR. 2

• Accessory muscles of the Thorax
• External Intercostals
• raises the rib cage
• Internal Intercostals
• depresses the rib cage
• MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION
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MOR. 3

• Levatores Costarum- posterior
• MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION
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MOR. 4

• Serratus posterior superior and inferior
• MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION
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MOR. 5

• Levator Scapulae
• MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION
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MOR. 6

• Tranversus abdominus
• MUSCLE OF EXPIRATION
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MOR. 7

• Quadratus Lumborum
• MUSCLE OF EXPIRATION
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MOR. 8

• Internal and External Obliques
• MUSCLE OF EXPIRATION
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MOR. 9

• Rectus abdominus
• MUSCLE OF EXPIRATION
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Linea Alba

• Linea Alba
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Measurements

• Spirometer- measures respiratory flow, volumes, and capacity
• Manometer- measures pressure
• pulse oximeter- measures O2 and CO2 levels by drawing blood gases
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• Bildunterschrift: spirometer

Volumes

• Vital capacity- maximum amount of gas expired after maximum inhalation
• Residual- volume of air in the lungs after maximum exhalation
• total lung capacity- vital capacity and residual volume
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Pressures

• Atmospheric- outside the body
• Intraoral- in the oral cavity
• Subglottal- below the level of the vocal folds
• Alveolar- in the alveoli
• Intrapleural- between the visceral & parietal pleurae
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