Karteikarten
GEO [#4] Soils
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1SoilA mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, and liquids that support life at the surface of the Earth
- 2Organic SoilsGreater than 20% organic matter, accumulates in abiotic environments and doesn't break down
- 3Inorganic SoilsLess than 20% organic matter and is dominated mainly by minerals and rocks
- 4PedogenesisSoil development through physical, chemical and biological weathering. Gradually increase thickness of soil, destroy rocks and structures, then produces layers calls horizons
- 5Sedimentary StructuresInclude bedding, ripples, stratification, and trace fossils
- 6Soil ProfileConsists of different horizons layered on top of one another
- 7CalicheCrusty calcium carbonate found in the B horizon of desert soils that can form thick, hard layers that are difficult to dig into
- 8Rates of Physical WeatheringDepends on
Local climatic/environmental conditions
Biological activity
Time - 9Rates of Chemical WeatheringDepends on
Local climatic conditions
Relief of the land
Surface area of exposed rock
Composition of the parent rock
Time - 10Soil MaturityMature soils have thick, defined, horizons and immature soils have a few thin poorly developed horizons
- 11Soil TypesResidual Soil
Transported Soil
Loess - 12Soil IdentificationTexture and Colour
- 13PercolationWater moving downward from pores in the soil
- 14Saturated SoilWhen all of the pores in the soil are filled by water
- 15Problematic SoilsVertisols
Oxisols
Permafrost
Other Problems - 16Active LayerAbove permafrost, will thaw seasonally and is always unstable in summer
- 17Soil ErosionSoil is being removed faster than it can be created. Disappearing due to wind, water and human activities
- 18Water ErosionCan include sheet erosion (one layer off), rill erosion (small streamlets) or gullying (requires plowing after rills become gullies)
- 19Wind ErosionWind is not as viscous so it does not aggressively erode. Can create dust storms
- 20Human Activities and ErosionCan cause erosion by military and recreational activities, bad agricultural practices, deforestation and overgrazing
- 21TerracingTurning a slope into steps to limit erosion and runoff
- 22Strip-CroppingGroundcover crops and widely spaced crops are grown in alternating strips
- 23Crop RotationYearly alternation of crops so soil does not get depleted in a certain nutrient
- 24Conservation TillageMinimizing plowing and retaining crop residues, which helps increase water retention
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Geology (Geology 202) Karteikarten am GEO [#4] Soils, erstellt von Natasha Gidluck am 03/02/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Natasha Gidluck
- Aufrufe
- 2
- Bewertung