Karteikarten
Research methods
Karten in diesem Stapel (27)
- 1what are the features of a lab experimentAn Independent Variable is manipulated to see the effect it has on a Dependant Variable
- 2Strengths of a Lab experiment- High internal validity because confounding variables can be controlled
- its easy to replicate a Lab experiment - 3weaknesses of a lab experimentLow ecological validity because the setting is artificial and may not replicate a real life situation
- 4what is a natural experimentThe Independant variable is NOT manipulated; the 2 conditions naturally exist
- 5weaknesses of a natural experiment-ethical issues (participants don't usually know their taking part so they cant give consent)
- more difficult to replicate because the likelihood of the same situation arising again is very low.
-low internal validity because its hard to control extraneous variables - 6what is a field experimentAn independent variable is manipulated, but the Dependant variable is measured in a real world setting rather than a lab (e.g. an experiment that took place at a school)
- 7strengths of a field experiment- higher ecological validity because the setting is real life
- lower chance of demand charecteristics because participants don't normally know that they're taking part. - 8weakness of a field experimentlikelihood of participant variables because participants are not randomly allocated to conditions so there is no control
- 9what are demand characteristicscues/clues in the environment which alert participants of what is needed of them in the experiment.
- 10external validityEcological validity
Population validity
Temporal validity - 11Internal validity(lab experiments)
Genuinley measuring what you intend to measure - no extraneous or confounding variables - 12ecological validityThe extent of which we can generalise the findings of an experiment to the real world (real world value)
- 13population validitygeneralising the findings of an experiment to other people
- 14temporal validitygeneralise the findings of an experiment to other times e.g. past / future
- 15Matched pairs experimental designeach participant experiences each condition once, however participants are grouped into pairs according to certain charecterisitics
- 16advantage of matched pairs design- less chance of demand charecterstics because participants only experience one condition and so are less likely to guess the aims.
- No order effects because each participant will only experience one condition.
- takes a short amount of time
- good control of participant variables - 17disadvantage of matched pairs designtime consuming to match participant variables and theres a high chance that the match will not be perfect
- 18Repeated measures designeach participant experiences both conditions one after the other
- 19advantage of repeated measures designhalf as many participants are needed because one participant can gather 2 pieces of data
- 20disadvantage of repeated measures design- order effects are likely so results in condition 2 may be better because participants have already performed it
- demand characteristics because participants experience both conditions and so could guess the aim of the experiment - 21Independent groups designeach participant experiences each condition only once so there will be 2 separate groups of participants completing one condition each.
participants will be randomly allocated to each condition - 22advantage of independent groups design- No order effects because each participant will only experience one condition
- less chance of demand characteristics
- takes a short amount of time - 23disadvantage of independent groups designlower control of participant variables because there are different participants in each conditions: individual differences may affect the outcome.
- 24what is a directional hypothesisa more precise hypothesis because it is based around a clear outcome of a theory
- 25what is a non directional hypothesisa less precise hypothesis based on an unclear outcome to a theory
(it could go either way) - 26research hypothesisthe hypothesis written for a study
- 27null hypothesisa statement of no difference or no relationship
e.g - There is no difference in the concentration levels of participants in the loud and soft noise conditions
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- Karteikarten am Research methods, erstellt von Lucy-Wood am 23/02/2015.
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