Karteikarten
Unit 7.3 & 7.4 : Overview: Making of the Modern World
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1What happened during the Age of Imperialism?European powers extended their control over many other parts of the world.
- 2What is the difference between Imperialism and Colonisation?Imperialism is the expansion of territory by powerful nations, while Colonisation is the action of establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
- 3What is the strategy used by the British over the indigenous and how did it help them?The British adopted a strategy known as "Divide and Conquer" to avoid large scale opposition to their rule when extending their empire.
- 4What was the "Divide and Conquer" strategy?It relied on exploiting existing rivalries between different native groups and allowing the British to deal with each group separately.
- 5What were the 5 reasons for European Imperialism?1. Trade and Wealth
2.Technological superiority
3.Spreading God's message
4. A "civilising duty"
5.Imperial Rivalry - 6What did the Europeans hope to acquire during imperialism?The Europeans hoped to acquire raw materials such as silver and gold.
- 7What was the "British East India Company" and what were its main items of trade?It was a large business enterprise called the British East India Company. Some of its main items of trade were:
-tea
-cotton
-silk
-opium
-potassium nitrate - 8When did the Europeans begin conquering other people? Why?In the 18th century, Europeans started conquering other people.This is because Europeans had better naval technology and advanced weaponry.
- 9What effects did the steam-powered battleships have in Europe?The development of steam-powered battleships provided Europeans with:
-Faster transport
-Tighter manoeuvrability
-More accurate fire at sea
This strategy was known as the "gunboat diplomacy". - 10Why did the Christian Church support the growth of the European empires in the 18th and 19th century?In the 18th and 19th century, the Christian Church supported the growth of Europeans empires since it provided new opportunities to convert people to the Christian faith.
- 11What was the White man's burden?Many Europeans felt that it was their duty to help civilise 'backward' parts of the world. This belief was referred to as the 'White man's burden'.
- 12What impacts did the 'White man's burden' have on the parts of the world?In some parts of the world, this led to the establishment of schools and hospitals to improve the living standards of colonised people.
- 13What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?In 1870, the imperial rivalry led to the 'scramble for Africa' in which the entire African continent was divided between the European powers.
- 14What were the Asian responses to the European Imperialism?-China's Canton System
-Japan's 'closed country' policy
-The Great Rebellion in India
-The Boxer Rebellion in China
-Modernisation in Japan - 15Why were all foreign ships restricted to Canton?In 1757, the emperor restricted all foreign ships to Canton, to stop the spread of foreign influence in China.
- 16How did the Europeans and the Chinese avoid contact in China?To avoid contact between Europeans and Chinese, all business dealings had to be conducted through one of 13 Hong merchants.
- 17What was the 'Closed Country' policy in Japan?The closed country policy banned all foreigners from coming to Japan and also banned Japanese citizens from sailing in the open sea.
- 18How did the Japanese rulers keep on being informed about the events in Europe?So that the Japenese rulers or Shoguns could keep informed about events in Europe, a few Dutch merchants were allowed to settle and live on an island near Nagasaki.
- 19What was India main reason for strength?A major reason for its strength was its army of over 200,000 sepoys. They were mainly Hindu and Muslim men who had joined the company's army after it had established control throughout India.
- 20How did the Great Rebellion in India start?In 1857, a group of sepoys rebelled against their British commanders setting fire to their barracks and seized nearby towns.
- 21How did the Boxer Rebellion occur in China?In 1898, Chinese peasant anger against foreign influence boiled over into an open rebellion against the ruling dynasty.They were led by a group of martial artists known as the 'Righteous and Harmonious Fists'.
- 22Who were the Boxers and what was their anger focused on?The 'Righteous and Harmonious Fists' were named 'Boxers' by the Britsh. Their anger was mainly focused on the foreign missionaries, whom they blamed for their poverty and hunger.
- 23What were some of the things that Meiji did to modernize Japan?-Encouraged Japanese Students to travel aboard
-Railways and Steamships were built
More Factories were built. - 24What is Republicanism?A republic is a form of government in which the head of state is a citizen of the nation rather than a monarch
- 25What is Liberalism?Liberalism was a movement that sought to protect and improve the rights of individuals. It was viewed that human beings are born into a state of perfect freedom, or liberty.
- 26What is Capitalism?Capitalism is an economic system based on competition between sellers. Capitalists are individuals who invest their money into new business ventures in order to make a profit.
- 27What is Socialism?Socialism is all about redistributing wealth from rich to the poor.Socialists believed that the profit created by workers ought to be given to the workers.
- 28Chartism and DemocracyThe Chartist movement called for the introduction of electoral reforms to make Britain more democratic. These included the right of all men to vote(suffrage), the secret ballot, pay for parliamentarians, electorates that were equal in size and annual election.
- 29What is Egalitarianism?Egalitarianism is the belief in a 'fair go' for all. It is thought to be an especially Australian value. Some historians have attributed this belief to Australia's convict origins and the pioneering spirit needed to survive the harsh Australian environment.
- 30What is Nationalism?Nationalism is the belief that people of a similar race, culture or ideas ought to belong to the same nation-state. It resulted in the establishment of new nations such as Australia.