1WW

GERMANY (1890-1914)

German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II changed the system, of alliances for Germany's growing economic power.

Wilhelm II did not think that Russia would ally with France (rival o0f Germany), but France and Russia became allies because of France's economic investment in Russian industry.

1WW / Great War

June 1914 → Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire) was assassinated in Sarajevo, shooted by a young Bosnian Serb nationalist.

Austria sent to serbia an ultimatum, but they ignored. On 28 july 1914, Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia.

1st August 1914 germany declares war to Russia

3rd August 1914 Germany declares war to France

situació abans de començar la guerra:

tensions al vell continent

alemania reclama el seu propi imperi

les grans potències s’alien contra alemania

Assassinat de l’arxiduc francesc ferran d'àustria

4 PHASES

1. Initial german offensives (1914)

Germany Schlieffen Plan Western Front, invading Belgium (neutral country) and north of France reaching Paris, once Paris was defeated, all German troops advanced on the Eastern front to fight Russia

not succeed, French and British armies stopped the advance

1st Battle of Marne

japan occupied the German colonies (pacific and china)

Western front between germany and allies. They X avance, both sides defend their positions by TRENCHES they defend using guns, poison gas, tanks.

new military tactics, attacking same place (Verdun, by germany, and Somme, by great britain)

Battle of Jutland (battleships and submarines), British defeat the Germans

2. Trench warfare (1915-16)

3. Incorporation and withdrawal of allies (1917)

USA join the war wit the Allies, because German submarines had sunk neutral ships

1 january 1917 German submarine attacks to american merchant to to supply Britain and France

political and social revolution Russian Empire, Russia withdraw

4. The end of the war and the Armistice (1918)

armistice (suspension of armed conflict and start of peace negotiations)

Help of America allowed the allies to advance the western front (second battle of Marne)

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, 11 november 1918 armistice was signed.