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Psychology Notes

Behavioral Psychology, Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), A Russian scientist, was

busy studying canine digestion. A physiologist by training, Pavlov got

sidetracked by a phenomenon. The dogs in his study had learned to

salivate in response to stimuli or events in the environment, a type of

learning that eventually became known as classical conditioning.

Building on Pavlov's conditioning experiments, John B. Watson

(1878-1958) established behaviorism, which viewed psychology as the

scientific study of behaviors that could be seen and/or measured. B.F.

Skinner (1904-1990) studied the relationship between behaviors and their

consequences. Skinner's research focused on operant conditioning, a type of learning that occurs when behaviors are rewarded or punished. (p.11)