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5. Demographic problems in Spain and in Europe

Although demographic problems are similar throughout Europe, There are differences between regions

5.1. Falling fertility rates

5.2. The ageing population

5.3. Depopulation and abandonment of rural areas

- Low fertility rates in Europe (1,4) and in Spain (1,32)

- Consequences:

- Replacement level only reached through migration

- Number of adults falls

-Advances in healthcare, nutrition and hygiene have resulted in longer life expectancy.

- Consequences:

- Higher deaths rates. Europe 17%

- The cost of providing pensions and healthcare increases

- Most rural areas in Europe and Spain becoming depopulated (low population density)

-Consequences:

- Large numbers of elderly people

- Very low birth rates

- Abandonmnet of agriculture