Acute Kidney Injury: Azotemia Types, Causes and Treatment

Acute Kidney Injury- Azotemia

It is an elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels.

Normal function of the kidney

- Glomerular filtration

- Reabsorption

- Secretion

Classification of pathophysiological states

Prerenal Azotemia

Elevations in BUN and creatinine levels resulting from problems in the systemic circulation that decrease flow to the kidneys

Intrarenal Azotemia

The most common causes of intrinsic acute kidney injury are:

Acute tubular necrosis

Acute glomerulonephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis

Postrenal azotemia

Occurs when an obstruction in the urinary tract below the kidneys causes waste to build up in the kidneys

Etiology

● Prerenal: Caused by inadequate perfusion of the kidneys.

● Renal: These disorders may affect the blood vessels, glomeruli, tubules, or interstitium

● Post renal: It is due to various types of obstruction in the collection and evacuation areas of the urinary system.

Diagnosis

When this disease is suspected, a blood and urine test should be performed.

What may appear are: decreased urine volume (less than 500 milliliters), increased blood urea and creatinine, and elevated electrolytes such as potassium.

Treatment

This will depend on the cause, if it is caused by dehydration, the administration of crystalloids, physiological serum, or with red blood cell concentrate in severe hemorrhages is advisable.

Helen Franco Campoverde

7mo B