Flashcards
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Cards in this deck (21)
- 1HardwareThe physical (you can touch them) components that make up a computer system (e.g. RAM, fan, mouse)
- 2SoftwareThe virtual (you can't touch them) programs or applications that a computer can run (e.g word processor, browser, file manager)
- 3Input deviceDevice that transmits data into the computer so that it can be processed (e.g. buttons, gamepad, keyboard, microphone)
- 4Output deviceDevice that presents the results of processing to the user (e.g. screen, speakers, LED, Motor)
- 5CPUCentral processing Unit - This processes all of the data and instructions that make a computer system work
- 6Von Neumann architectureTraditional computer architecture that forms the basis of most digital computer systems. Programs and data can be stored in the same memory unit.
- 7Harvard architectureStores programs and data in separate memory units. Entering or altering programs is harder with this method
- 8PeripheralAlso known as a device. A piece of hardware connected to the central processing unit / computer to provide inpuut, output or backing storage
- 9RegisterA storage location that is inside the CPU. The ones you need to know about are the Program Counter, MAR, MDR and the Accumulator.
- 10MAR (Memory address register)Holds memory address about to be used by the CPU. Remember - MAR stores Address, MDR stores Data.
- 11MDR (Memory Data Register)Holds data or instructions that have been fetched from memory. Remember - MAR stores Address, MDR stores Data.
- 12Program CounterHolds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle. It has the easiest job because it points to the first instruction for each cycle.
- 13AccumulatorStores the results of the calculations done by the ALU
- 14ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)Performs logical operations (AND, OR, NOT), Shift operations and Arithmetic operations (+,-, *, / )
- 15CU (Control Unit)Controls activities in the CPU (Such as flow of data between CPU and other parts). Makes FDE cycle happen in correct order
- 16CacheSits between the CPU and RAM. Usually built into the CPU. Very fast. Holds frequently used data so that the processor doesnt have to keep going back and forth to the RAM.
- 17FDE (Fetch Decode Execute) cycleFetches instructions and data from memory and brings them back to the CPU to be decoded and executed (run)
- 18Clock speedNumber of instructions that can be carried out in a second (Hz) These days typically in Ghz (Billion)
- 19Cache sizeRefers to how many frequently used instructions can be stored in the cache on the CPU. Cache is faster than RAM.
- 20CoresHow many individual processors (cores) are on a chip. The more cores, the more instructions can be done simultaneously.
- 21Embedded systemsA dedicated computer system built into another device (usually designed for a specific purpose) e.g. Dishwasher or microwave. Cheaper to produce and more efficient than general purpose computer.
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by Andrew Gardner on 30/01/2018.
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- Andrew Gardner
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