Flashcards
Chapter 6 Key Terms
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1acquisitionan asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.
- 2biological preparednessis the idea that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses.
- 3classical conditioninga learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
- 4cognitive mapa mental representation of one's physical environment.
- 5cognitive-social learning theoryTheory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation
- 6conditioned responsean automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
- 7conditioned stimuluseventually comes to trigger a conditioned response
- 8discriminationthe unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
- 9extinctionis the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced
- 10generalizationgeneral statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
- 11higher-order conditioningrefers to a situation in which a stimulus that was previously neutral (e.g., a light) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a tone that has been conditioning with food to produce salivating) to produce the ...
- 12insight learninga type of learning or problem solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
- 13instinctive driftis the tendency of an animal, of any species, to revert to unconscious and automatic behavior that interferes with operant conditioning and the learned responses that come with it.
- 14latent learningis a form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without any obvious reinforcement of the behavior or associations that are learned.
- 15law of effectis a psychological principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that
- 16learningthe acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught
- 17mirror neuronsthe behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself acting. Such neurons have been directly observed in primate species.
- 18negative punishmentis the part of punishment, which also focuses on decreasing the rate of any specific undesired behavior from an individual.
- 19negative reinforcementa response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus
- 20neutral stimuluswhich initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention. In classical conditioning, when used together with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.
- 21observational learninga major component of Bandura's social learning theory. He also emphasized that four conditions were necessary in any form of observing and modeling behavior: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
- 22operant conditioningan individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence
- 23positive punishmentThis works by presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future.
- 24positive reinforcementfollowing a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.
- 25shapinggive a particular shape or form to.
- 26unconditioned responseis an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus
- 27unconditioned stimulusis one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response
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- Flashcards on Chapter 6 Key Terms , created by Elizabeth Marval on 23/10/2018.
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- Elizabeth Marval
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