Flashcards
Ch. 2 Flashcards
Cards in this deck (47)
- 1anti-clericalisma measure of disrespect toward the clergy
- 2pietismidea of a direct relationship between the individual and God (reduced importance of the church)
- 3western schism (great schism)3 popes claimed leadership over the Catholic Church; excommunicated each other
- 4simonyselling positions to the highest bidder
- 5heresybeliefs contrary to religious doctrine
- 6indulgencespaying to avoid penance
- 7penancepunishment for sin
- 8purgatoryform of temporary hell
- 9predestinationconcept that God has predetermined everyone's fate
- 10huguenotsfrench calvinists
- 11pope clement vmoved the seat of catholic power from Rome to Avignon
- 12john wycliffequestions the church’s teachings: worldly wealth of the church, the miracle of transubstantiation, the teachings of penance, the sale of indulgences
- 13jan husled a revolt against the church, questioned; the infallibility of the church and the immorality of the clergy; found guilty of heresy and burned at stake
- 14martin luthercatholic monk who was troubled by the sale of indulgences
- 15albert of hohenzollernpaid 10,000 ducats to be archbishop of mainz
- 16johann tetzeldominican friar who was set to preach the indulgence across germany
- 17pope leo xignored the 95 theses
- 18frederick the electorone of luther's powerful patrons who wanted martin luther to have a public trial
- 19emperor charles vthe holy roman emperor who asked luther to recant
- 20ulrich zwingliteachings impacted swiss city of zurich; accused monks of immorality, rejected the veneration of saints, announced that unbaptized children weren't damned to hell
- 21john calvinsettled in Geneva and Switzerland; developed his own faith; believed most were destined for hell; preferred his followers to focus correctly living in earthly matters
- 22king henry viiisupportive of the Catholic Church; criticized Martin Luther in The Defense of the Seven Sacraments; married a total of 3 times; his 3rd wife gave birth to son edward vi
- 23catherine of aragonone of king henry's wives
- 24anne boleynwoman king Henry fell in love with in court; she became pregnant and secretly married henry while he was with catherine
- 25edward vihenry viii son; tried to institute genuine protestant theology in his father's church; died at age 15
- 26bloody maryedward's half sister; catherine of aragon's and henry's daughter; married phillip ii of spain; attempted to bring england back to the catholic church; burned many heretics
- 27queen elizabeth ibloody mary's half sister; daughter of anne boleyn; ruled england for long successful time
- 28ignatius loyolaspanish nobleman; greatest success of the catholic reformation; created the society of jesuits; laid his thoughts out I spiritual exercises, focused on total obedience to the church
- 29ways europe was changing in the 16th centuryrenaissance humanism led people to question religious practices; printing press produced mass amounts of bibles (church no longer had control over scripture); rise of powerful monarchies led rulers to question why they should obey authority in rome
- 30church issues before reformationlower priests were poorly educated; they were practicing simony (selling positions to the highest bidder); some clergy began to hold multiple positions making it hard to minister the people; pietism and anticlericalism
- 3195 theseslist of reasons martin luther hated the church; was nailed to the church door in wittenburg in 1517; mostly attacked sale of indulgences; was ignored by pope leo x
- 32the diet of wormsa meeting of the german nobility
- 33luther's revolutionary ideasreduction of the seven sacraments to communion and baptism; rejection of transubstantiation; ending of monasticism and celibate clergy
- 34spreading of protestantismprotestantism spread through norther germany, scandinavia, england, scotland, the netherlands, france, and switzerland
- 35german peasant's revoltpeasants revolted because of worsening economic conditions and because they believed Luther had called for social equality; luther was horrified by their misinterpretation so he wrote Against the Robbing and Murderous Hordes of Peasants
- 36schmalkaldic warwas between charles v and some of the protestant princes
- 37peace of augsburgdocument that granted legal recognition of lutheranism in territories ruled by a lutheran prince
- 38the anabaptistsgroup that denied infant baptism (their practice of rebaptism became a capital offense in the hre; took over munster in 1534 and created and old testament theocracy
- 39the antitrinitariansdenied sculptural validity of the trinity; hunted catholics and lutherans
- 40henry viii problemspope refused to grant an annulment to him
- 41act in restraint of appealsdeclared that all spiritual cases in england were within the king’s jurisdiction, not the pope’s.
- 42act of supremacydeclared the king of england as the supreme head of the church of england
- 43index of prohibited booksbanned many “heretical” works, including texts from authors such as erasmus and galileo
- 44the inquisitionwas a tribunal that fought heresy in Catholic lands, using torture to force confessions out of individuals, heretics were often executed
- 45the council of trentcenterpiece of the catholic reformation;took steps to address issues that had sparked the reformation; placed limits on simony; recognized that poorly educated priests were a serious problem; critical of the religious failings of the mannerist style of art
- 46baroque style of artmore intensely religious art
- 47society of jesusby loyola; earned reputation for complete loyalty to the pope; distinguished themselves as a teaching order, and worked as catholic missionaries in places where lutheranism had spread
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- Flashcards on Ch. 2 Flashcards, created by Mya Orie on 25/09/2019.
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