Flashcards

Unit 1 flashcards

Thomas Evans English 172 cards

Cards in this deck (172)

1Unit aim AUnit aim A
2ONLINE SERVICESONLINE SERVICES
3CommunicationServices that keep people in touch. That means moving data in the form of text, photos, video and audio.
4Real-time informationServices that provide up to date info.
Examples: Train timetables, traffic reports, flights, weather and news service.
5CommerceCommerce means business so these services involve money in some way.
Examples: Online shopping (Tesco), auctions (E bay) , banking (Nat-west) and publishing (Kindle) e-books).
6GovernmentThese involve 'Official' public services.
Examples: paying personal taxes online, paying car tax online and paying student loans.
7EntertainmentMeans services for leisure and fun.
Examples: catch-up TV, radio players and streaming sites.
8DownloadMeans legal download services such as games, films ad music.
9BusinessMeans companies using websites and to increase efficiency and money.
Examples: Using Skype or special 'internal' websites called intranets.
10EducationInvolves workplace training for business as well as learning for schools.
Examples: Online training for construction trades or learning (Bitesize).
11Virtual Learning Environments (VLE's)Services that provide virtual classrooms for teachers and learners.
Examples: Moodle
12Online advertisingOnline advertising
13Sponsored linksCompanies want to be first listed by search engines - so they pay to get their links to the top.
14BannersBanners go at the top of the pages so can't miss them! Other ads can be at any point on the page.
15Pop-upsThese appear in new windows so you can't miss them.
16E-mailMarketing E-mails go direct to customers inbox (Not illegal SPAM)
17MultimediaOnline ads use video and audio animation to get your attention.
18Targeting and CookiesPeoples online behavior is tracked using small text files called cookies. Sites access cookies to display ads based on your recent searches and interests.
19LinksOnline ads try hard to get you to click links direct to the advertisers site.
20How ads can be annoyingHow ads can be annoying
21Personal PrivacyNot everyone is happy with use of cookies.
22AdwareType of malware that generates unwanted ads, often as pop-ups.
23Auto-play videoSome ads play video as soon as the page loads.
24DistractionAds can take your attention from what you're trying to do.
25Online communicationOnline communication
26Online communitiesAn online community or network of friends is a group that only exists online.
27Blogs & VlogsA web log or online journal or video blog that is meant to be updated often.
28Micro-bloggingA website or app where short messages are shared.
29Wiki'sSites where only authorized users can logon and edit content.
30PodcastsAudio or video files that are usually published in installments.
31Instant messagingForm of chat where people who are online at the same time can talk to each other live.
32ChatroomsA place on the web where people online communicate at the same time.
33Online communication 2Online communication 2
34NetiquetteIs a set of online rules for users online
35Profile and avatarIs a users presence, such as on social media. People decide to show what is true! An avatar is to show what you represent as
36EmoticonsAlso known as smileys, emoticons are images that represent words or things
37Voice over internet protocol (Voip)VoIP is a way of communicating without traveling over the internet
Example: Skype, Discord
38Hardware needed for individual use (VoIP)Webcam, Mic, Speakers and headset
39Advantages to VoIPThe user saves time and money
40Disadvantages to VoIPChance it could lag or buffer as it requires internet access. There might be bad sound quality as well.
41Cloud computingCloud computing
42Cloud storageCloud computing is when you save stuff to external servers instead of your hard drive. External servers are called hosts and are owned by a hosting company (Google
43Advantages and disadvantagesA: Cost savings, anytime/anywhere
D: Reliability and speed, security
44Ubiquitous computingUbiquitous computing is where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online
45In where?Clothing: processors are built into clothing to track running distance, vehicles: built into satnavs to direct driver and are in buildings, people and appliances
46RFIC (Radio frequency identification chips)RFIC are a way to embed processors into every day objects. used to identify, track products for stock control.
47Where chips are put?Animals, Home - fridge, shops
48Online software & backupsOnline software & backups
49Online software - V - Standalone softwareStandalone software is installed on your computer from a CD or a download. Key advantage: It's on your hard drive so it runs fast without internet.
Online software is accessed on the internet via your web browser. Key advantage: you can access it from any device.
50Back up and restoreHaving a back up online means a copy of your files are stored on the web servers, so you can restore the files if they are lost.
51Automatic updatesGetting an upgrade used to mean getting a new CD. But online software is updated online by itself.
52Pay monthlyYou don't need to pay a full price for a software product on a CD. Instead, you can 'pay monthly' so the software is more affordable.
53Save on hardwareA business doesn't need to buy its own servers because the software & files will be stored online. So the business will save money.
54Risks of online software & backupsReliability: If your online service is unavailable, you can't access your files
Security: Your online service could be at risk of being hacked and leak unwanted information.
55Online documents - File compressionOnline documents - File compression
56Why use compression?Compression is squeezing data to reduce file sizes for storage and sending.
57Algorithma process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
58indexAn index is created to store the position all the cut words
59Collaborative working onlineCollaborative working online
60Advantages of Collaborative workingOnline services allow people to work on the same project / document no matter where they are
61Levels of accessRestrictions are set at logon: staff can access areas depending on on their role, Students and teachers see different parts of the network.
62Files permissionsSettings that control what users can do to a file:
Read: view only
Edit: can change or alter it
Comment
63Version controlWhen lots of people edit a document, it's vital to show which is latest version
64Unit aim BUnit aim B
65ServerRuns special software to other computers, different types include file, web, email and print.
66ClientThe client is the person who is accessing something that requires some sort of internet.
67RouterPay monthly to be able to access emails and internet
68BackboneA 'big' cable (often fiber optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.
69Internet service providers (ISP)An ISP allows internet connection, It allows one client or more for the internet.
(VOIP, WWW, Emails)
70Point Of Presence (POP)- Is an access point to the internet
71Network Access Point (NAP)Nap is where different networks interconnect, such as your home network.
72—
73Dial-up connectionsIs a wired connection via modem and phone wires.
74Dial-up connections advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages: Can use existing telephone wires, Gives connection where broadband is not available.
Disadvantages: Older technology can give poor connections, usually slower than other methods, conversion between digital and analogue can cause errors
75BroadbandMeans a wired connection via a broadband supplier
Advantages: Better reception and speed than dial-up
Disadvantages: Wired, so has to be used on a stationary computer, broadband
76WirelessConnects without cables.
Advantages: Not fixed to a stationary computer, can be used whenever wireless internet is available
Disadvantage: Tends to be slower
77BandwidthIs how we measure the speed of the internet
78Bandwdth Speeds
79ProtocolProtocols are rules that allow computer systems to connect with different systems to transfer data.
80How the internetuses packetsAll data on the internet is split up into packets & the traffic managed by TCP/IP
81Transmition control protocol (TCP)TCP is responsible for:
Breaking data into packets, assembling the packets when they arrive.
82Internet Protocol (IP)IP is responsible for:
Handling the routing of the packets, that addresses sending and receiving packets over the net.
83File Transfer Protocol (FTP)This protocol allows files to be transferred between 2 devices or computers
84File Transfer Protocol (FTP)An old protocol that was invented even before the web was born, It is still used to download or or upload files from a server. It is often used by web developers to transfer web files to their website. A username and password is normally needed.
85HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)HTTP is a set of rules that handle what we do on the web. It handles a request to load a page from a web server. It also handles the response to download the web page and all its files to your computer.
86HyperText Transferm Protocol Secure (HTTPS)The 'S' in HTTPS means secure. Data in the web page is scrambled before sending data across the internet. So if data is intercepted, it can't be understood. Protects privacy from 'hackers'
87Software/hardware devices
88BrowserWeb pages are accessed through browsers, These applications which allow a user to a enter a URL and view a web page, your browser reads the HTML code and displays the page.
89HyperlinksThe web works because of hyperlinks. They connect web pages together. When a Hyperlink is clicked, a user is taken to another page on the site, or taken to another website.
90Web serversWeb sites are stored on servers. When you access a web page through a browser, the page is temporarily downloaded onto your computer. It is the web server's job to deliver the web page requested.
91Naming a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
92URL - definitionA URL is an address for a web page
93How searching works videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs
94Diagram that describes how search engines are used to find information
95Client sideClient-side means that the action takes place on the user's (the client's) computer. Server-side means that the action takes place on a web server.
96search enginesearch engines are special websites that allow the user to find data on the internet
97Store and ForwardEmails are stored on servers & then forwarded to the receiver - so it's called 'Store and forward'
98Address book/contact bookYou can add people to a group to send a message to more than one person
99Carbon Copy (CC)Anyone in the group can see the Email that you have sent
100Blind Carbon Copy (BCC)If you use BCC it will allow everyone to see the email but won't let others know that it was sent to other people in the group
101Benefits of EmailYou can add files to the email (attachments), you can hide or allow emails to certain people, You can add people to a group, It is very fast and can be sent from anywhere
102Drawbacks of Email(Spam) People can constantly send you emails that are unwanted, (phishing) Fake Emails designed to trick people into giving information
103Email protocol videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F1JP78JAPE
104Simple mail protocol (SMTP) -> POP 3
105Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)SMTP handles sending
It pushes ongoing email to a server
If ever a problem sending, them SMTP will keep trying to send it
106Internet Message Access protocol (IMAP)Lets you access your email on a server
You can access it anywhere
107Post Office Protocol 3 (POP 3)A
108Webmaila
109Email clientd
110Data Exchange (Data packet diagram)
111What is packet switching?is the process of data being broken down into 'packets' before being sent through a network to then be reassembled on the other end.
112Advantages of packet switchingPackets choose different routes so traffic flow isn't slow, big files can still be sent and doesn't clog the network. Packets gives security benefits because if intercepted, the hacker will only get one part of the file
113Disadvantages of packet switchingIf one or more packets or corrupted during transmission, the whole file will not be received correctly
114What are codecs?A codec is a device or computer program for encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal.
115Simplex - one waySignals go in one direction at a time
(TV remote)
116Full duplex - 2 waySignals go in both directions at the same time (phone to phone)
1171/2 duplex - take turnsSignals go in both directions but not simultaneous (Computer to printer)
118Serial and parallel transmissions descriptionFeatured snippet from the web
There are two methods used to transmit data between digital devices: serial transmission and parallel transmission. Serial data transmission sends data bits one after another over a single channel. Parallel data transmission sends multiple data bits at the same time over multiple channels
119Benefit and limitation of above
120Unshielded twisted pair(UTP) / Shieled Twisted pair (STP)Contains pair of copper wires twisted together, used for LAN's
Advantages: Reliable, cheaper than other methods
121Network Interface cards (NIC)Devices that are a wireless need a NIC. It is the hardware for receiving wireless signals. They are built into every phone and tablet ect.
122InfraredUses infrared light to transmit data. Sends out a very high frequency light.
Advantages: Reliable
Disadvantages: can suffer interference, short range and has to be in line of site
123microwaveUses waves with short lengths to transmit data.
Advantages: good for medium distances
Disadvantages: can suffer from interference from other devices
124satelliteuses satellite in space to relay data between points on earth.
Advantages: good for very long distances
Disadvantages: very expensive
125cient side processingis viewing websites on a device. today's web-pages have lots of interactive features.
Advantages: Speed and security
Disadvantages: browser-specific and computer speed
126Server side processingmeans processing data in the back end of the web server.
Advantages: servers are powerful computers, efficient, no browser involved
Disadvantages: Security, overloading
127Databaseis a structured collection of data
128tablestores a set of data e.g. Students in a school
129Fieldare the columns in the data e.g. date of birth, name, city
130RecordIs one row that stores data about a single item
131Primary keyis a special field with a unique identify e.g. Student ID
132Foreign keyits purpose is to link to the supplier table
133TextAny kind of characters including letters, numbers and symbols
134numbersnumerical values
135Date/timesDate and times
136BooleanA answer of one or two values e.g. yes or no
137RelationshipMost databases need more than one table to store all the data. So the tables need to be linked (or related).
138Database fields table
139local databaseLocal means a database held inside a network to keep it secure
140Online databaseOnline means a database that can can be accessed around the world
141Database management system (DBMS)Is a software that allows you to create & use your own database, it creates the tables and fields that allow you to search for data.
142Structured query language (SQL)SQL is the language used by a DBMS to actually search and store data
143HTMLIs the language for making web pages
144—makes text bold
145—make text italic
146—make a paragraph of text
147—insert a image
148—points to another web site
149—programme language
150—HyperText Markup Language
151Unit aim CUnit aim C
152Threats to data
153How to protect data
154How to stop opportunists.Whenever you are leaving your computer or going off of it, make sure you log off so nobody can get in it.
155How to stop a virusUse an anti-virus software but make sure it is up to date.
156How to stop malwareDon't download anything that you are not sure that it is safe or not.
157How to stop phishingDon't use the same email or password for everything when you log into different sites.
158How to stop accidental damageUnderstanding what you are doing or how to stop a problem that is happening by having backups.
159How to stop hackersdon't put in your email and password for websites that do not require them.
160Freedom of information act (2000)Provides public access to information held by public authorities.
Members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities.
161The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988)Copyright gives the creators of some types of media rights to control how they're used and distributed. Music, books, videos and software can all be covered by Copyright law.
162The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act forbids you from:1. Giving a copy to a friend
2. Making a copy then selling it
3. using the software on a network
4. renting the software without the permission of the copy right holder
1638 principles of data protection act (1998)
164The computer misuse act (1990)This was passed by parliament and made 3 new offences: Accessing computer material without permission (Access without damage), Accessing computer material without permission with intent to commit further criminal offences (Access with damage), Altering computer data without permission.
165The computer misuse act (1990) - Methods of access dataThe computer misuse act
(1990) - Methods of access data
166Phishingwhere you are asked for personal information such as bank details so money can be taken from the bank but no damage is done to the computer
167PiggybackingWhere someone gains illegal entry to a restricted site on the back of a legal entrant but there is no damage done to the computer
168pharmingwhen visiting a website you are (automatically) directed to a fake website, when you enter personal details they are stolen.
169CCTVA self-contained surveillance system comprising cameras, recorders and displays for monitoring activities in a store or company.
170GPS devicesThe government can use the GPS in your devices to locate where you are
171Airport passenger listsTravelling data
172Monitoring E-mailToday's technology can be used to monitor people's movement and communications and that has an impact on our freedoms and privacy