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Flashcards

Chapter 31 Asepsis

Mlisa920 Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing English 54 cards

Cards in this deck (54)

  1. 1Resident Floramicroorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
  2. 2Infectionan invasion of body tissue by microorganisms and their growth there
  3. 3DiseaseA detectable alteration in normal tissue function
  4. 4Virulencethe ability of microorganisms to produce disease
  5. 5Communicable Diseasewhen the infectious agent can b transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as an airborne infection
  6. 6Pathogenicitythe ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease
  7. 7Opportunistic pathogencauses disease only in a susceptible individual
  8. 8Asepsisthe freedom from disease causing microorganisms
  9. 9Medical asepsisincludes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms
  10. 10Surgical asepsis/Sterile techniquerefers to those practices that keep an area or object ree of all microorganisms; it includes practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores (microscopic dormant structures formed by some pathogens that are very hardy and often survive common cleaning techniques) used for all procedures involving sterile areas of the body
  11. 11Sepsisthe state of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock
  12. 12Bacteriathe most common infection causing microorganisms
  13. 13Virusesconsist primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce. Rhinovirus, hepatitus, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus.
  14. 14Fungiinclude yeasts and molds. Candida albicans is a yeast considered to be normal flora in the human vagina.
  15. 15Parasiteslive on other living organisms. Include protozoa such as the one that causes malaria, helminths (worms), and arthropods (mites, fleas, ticks).
  16. 16Colonizationthe process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora
  17. 17Local infectionlimited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain
  18. 18Systemic infectionmicroorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body
  19. 19Bacteremiawhen a culture of a persons blood reveals microorganisms
  20. 20Acute infectionappear suddenly or last a short time
  21. 21Chronic infectionmay occur slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years
  22. 22Nosocomial infectioninfections that originate in the hospital
  23. 23Health care associated infections (HAIs)those that originate in any health care settting
  24. 24Endogenousoriginate from the client themselves (from within)
  25. 25Exogenousfrom the hospital environment and hospital personnel
  26. 26Latrogenic infectionsdirect result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
  27. 27Capability of infection from a microorganism1. number of microorganisms present
    2. virulency and potency of microorganisms
    3. ability of microorganisms to enter the body
    4. susceptibility of the host
    5. ability of the microorganisms to live inside the host's body
  28. 28Reservoirsources of microorganisms
  29. 29Carrierperson or animal reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease
  30. 30Direct transmissionimmediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse. Droplet spread occurs through sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or talking. Droplets can spray into the mucous membranes of another person (eye, nose, mouth).
  31. 31Indirect transmission: Vehicle bornea vehicle is any substance that serves as as intermediate means to transport and introduce and infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry. Fomites (inanimate materials or objects) handkerchiefs, toys, soiled clothes, cooking or eating utensils, surgical instruments. Water, food, blood, serum and plama are other vehicles.
  32. 32Indirect transmission: Vector bornea vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent
  33. 33Airborne transmissionDroplet nuclei is the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host. Dust particles containing the infectious agent.
  34. 34Compromised hostperson at increased risk, an individual who for one or more reasons is more likely tan others to acquire an infection
  35. 35Nonspecific defensesprotect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
  36. 36Specific (immune) defensesdirected against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents
  37. 37Inflammationlocal and nonspecific defense response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent. Pain, sweling, eat, redness, impaired function of the part.
  38. 38Leukocytosisin response to the exit of leukocytes from the blood, the bone marrow produces large numbers of leukocytes and releases them into the bloodstream
  39. 39Exudatesecond stage of inflammation; fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells, and dead tissue cells and the waste products that they release
  40. 40Granulation tissuefragile gelatinous tissue appearing pink or red because of the newly formed capillaries
  41. 41Antigensubstance that induces a state of sensitivity or immunity
  42. 42humoral immunitydefenses that reside in the B lymphocytes and are mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
  43. 43antibodiespart of body's plasma proteins; antibody mediated responses defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections
  44. 44active immunityhost produces antibodies in response to natural antigens (infectious microorganisms) or artificial antigens (vaccines)
  45. 45passive immunityhost recieves natural (from the mother) or artificial (from an injection of immune serum) antibodies produced by another source
  46. 46cell mediated defense or cellular immunityoccur through the T cell system; on exposure to an antigen, lymphoid tissues release large numbers of activated T cells into lymph system
  47. 47disinfectinga chemical preparation such as phenol or iodine compounds, used on inanimate objects;
  48. 48antisepticchemical preparation used on skin or tissue
  49. 49bactericidal vs bacteriostatic1. destroys bacteria
    2. prevents the growth and reproduction of some bacteria
  50. 50sterilizationa process that destroys all microorganisms
  51. 51airborne precautionsused for clients known to have or suspected of having serious illness transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei; measles, varicella, and tuberculosis
  52. 52droplet precautionsused for serious illness transmitted by particle droplets; diptheria, mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, mumps, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, or scarlet fever
  53. 53contact precautionsused for illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the clients environment
  54. 54occupational exposureskin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employees duties

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Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing Flashcards on Chapter 31 Asepsis, created by Mlisa920 on 12/05/2015.
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