Flashcards
Ch. 2 Flashcards
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1AcidA substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) into solution; a solution with a pH less than 7
- 2AcidicReferring to a solution with an H+ concentration exceeding that of OH-; Referring to a substance that releases H+
- 3AntioxidantAny molecule that reacts with free radicals, neutralizing their ability to damage biological molecules. Vitamin C and E are examples of dietary antioxidants
- 4AtomThe smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element
- 5Atomic NucleusThe central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
- 6Atomic NumberThe number of protons in the nuclei of all atoms of a particular element
- 7Base(1) A substance capable of combining with and neutralizing H+ ions in a solution; a solution with a pH greater than 7; (2) one of the nitrogen-containing, single- or doubled-ringed structures that distinguishes one nucleotide form another. In DNA, the base are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
- 8BasicReferring to a solution with an H+ concentration less than that of OH-; referring to a substance that combines with H+
- 9BufferA compound that minimizes changes in pH by reversibly taking up or releasing H+ ions
- 10Chemical BondAn attraction between two atoms or molecules that tends to hold them together. Types of bonds include covalent, ionic, and hydrogen
- 11CohesionThe tendency of the molecules of a substance to stick together
- 12Covalent BondA chemical bond between atoms in which electrons are shared
- 13DissolveThe process by which solvent molecules completely surround and disperse the individual atoms or molecules of another substance, the solute
- 14ElectronA subatomic particle, found in an electron shell outside the nucleus of an atom, that bears a unit of negative charge and very little mass.
- 15Electron ShellA region in an atom within which electrons orbit; each shell corresponds to a fixed energy level at a given distance from the nucleus
- 16ElementA substance that cannot be broken down, or converted, to a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
- 17Free RadicalA molecule containing an atom with an unpaired electron, which makes it highly unstable and reactive with nearby molecules
- 18Heat of VaporizationThe energy that must be supplied to a compound to transform it from liquid into a gas at its boiling temperature
- 19Hydrogen BondThe weak attraction between a hydrogen atom that bears a partial positive charge (due to polar covalent bonding with another atom) and another atom (oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine) that bears a partial negative charge; hydrogen bonds may form between atoms of a single molecule or of different molecules
- 20HydrophilicPertaining to molecules that dissolve readily in water, or to molecules that form hydrogen bonds with water; polar
- 21HydrophobicPertaining to molecules that do not dissolve in water or form hydrogen bonds with water; nonpolar
- 22Hydrophobic InteractionThe tendency for hydrophobic molecules to cluster together when immersed in water
- 23IonA charged atom or molecule; an atom or molecule that has either an excess of electrons (and, hence, is negatively charged) or has lost electrons (and is positively charged)
- 24Ionic BondA chemical bond formed by the electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions
- 25IsotopeOne of several forms of a single element, the nuclei of which contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
- 26Mass NumberThe total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- 27MoleculeA particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds; the smallest particle of a compound that displays all the properties of that compound
- 28NeutronA subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms, bears no charge, and has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton
- 29Nonpolar Covalent BondA covalent bond with equal sharing of electrons
- 30pH ScaleA scale, with values from 0 to 14, used for measuring the relative acidity of a solution; at pH 7 a solution is neutral, pH 0 to 7 is acidic, and pH 7 to 14 is basic; each unit on the scale represents a tenfold change in H+ concentration
- 31Polar Covalent BondA covalent bond with unequal sharing of electrons, such that one atom is relatively negative and the other is relatively positive
- 32ProtonA sub atomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms; it bears a unit of positive charge and has a relatively large mass, roughly equal to the mass of neutron
- 33RadioactivePertaining to an atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously disintegrates, with the emission of radiation
- 34SolutionA solvent containing one or more dissolved substances (solutes)
- 35SolventA liquid capable of dissolving (uniformly dispersing) other substances in itself
- 36Specific HeatThe amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1ºC
- 37Surface TensionThe property of a liquid to resist penetration by objects at its interface with the air, due to cohesion between molecules of the liquid
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- Biología y Geología Flashcards on Ch. 2 Flashcards, created by Luis Antonio Ardón Alvarado on 26/02/2021.
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- Luis Antonio Ardón Alvarado · Feb 2021
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- Feb 26, 2021
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