Flashcards
Module 4
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Define how Cellular Connectivity happens?CELL PHONES USE THE GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION(GSM). THIS IS A NETWORK THAT CONSISTS OF VARIOUS DEVICES(Gateways, Repeater, Relays(also referred to as antenna/cell tower)) IN WHICH OUR MOBILE DEVICES CONNECT TO THE CELL TOWER, WHICH PROVIDES COMMUNICATION AND LOCATION SERVICES). ANYONE TOWER HAS ANY GIVEN RANGE IN RESPECT TO HOW FAR IT IS ABLE TO COMMUNICATE, NEEDING TO OVERLAP WITH ANOTHER TOWER SO THE COLLECTION OF TOWERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED RANGES FOR WHAT'S KNOWN AS A CELL(this is why we call it cellular service)
CELLPHONES CONNECT TO GSM NETWORKS TO MAKE PHONE CALLS AND SEND DATA. CELLULAR NETWORKS SUPPORT VARIOUS TYPES OF SERVICE KNOWN AS 3, 4, 5G(G stands for generation and the number is indicative of a version). EACH ONE FOCUS' ON FASTER RATES, CLEARER SIGNAL AND MAYE THE ABILITY TO TRAVEL A BIT FURTHER. - 2Define SIM cards?SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE(SIM) CARD IS USED TO ESTABLISH A CONNECTION WITH MOBILE DEVICES TO THE GSM NETWORK, IT IS INSERTED INTO THE MOBILE DEVICE. THE SMALL CHIP CONTAINS INFO ABOUT YOUR ACCOUNT, IDENTITY, AND DEVICE, ALLOWING THE DEVICE TO BE SPECIFICALLY AND UNIQUELY IDENTIFIED ON THE NETWORK(so when someone calls you, it knows which device is supposed to receive this call or this data). EVERY DEVICE CONNECTING TO THE SAME NETWORK HAS TO HAVE A SIM CARD CONTAINING UNIQUE INFORMATION, WITHOUT IT YOU CAN NOT MAKE A CONNECTION
- 3Define Airplane Mode?IT IS A STANDARD FEATURE ON MOBILE DEVICES THAT TURNS OFF WIRELESS ANTENNA, ESSENTIALLY TURNING OFF ALL TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING SERVICES:
GSM
WIFI
GPS
BLUETOOTH
SOME DEVICES MAY NOT DISABLE SOME OF THESE(GPS for example with certain models and providers). THE MODE PREVENTS YOUR DEVICE FROM INTERFERING WITH AIRLINE COMMUNICATIONS AND DRAIN OF BATTERY AS WHEN FLYING, YOUR PHONE WOULD CONSTANTLY BE SWAPPING TOWERS. ALSO BETTER WHEN OUT OF THE COUNTRY WHEN YOU HAVE TO USE OTHER SERVERS, AVOID UNEXPECTED CHARGES. - 4DEFINE TETHERING AS A CONFIGURATION FOR MOBILE DEVICES? EXPLAIN PERSONAL HOTSPOT?TETHERING IS A COMMON CONFIGURATION WHEN IT COMES TO THE MOBILE DEVICE THAT ALLOWS YOU TO CONNECT YOUR PHONE TO A COMPUTER USING A USB CABLE WHICH THEN ALLOWS THE LAPTOP TO USE THE PHONE AS A MODEM AND PROVIDE INTERNET SERVICE.
PERSONAL HOTSPOT IS THE NEW NAME FOR THE NEW METHOD OF TETHERING, SIMPLY TREATING YOUR PHONE AS THE HOTSPOT. CAN JUST USE THE USB TO CONNECT THE MOBILE AND COMPUTER, RECEIVING A PROMPT TO TRUST THE COMPUTER, THEN ENABLE IT BY GOING TO SETTING-CELLULAR- ENABLE PERSONAL HOTSPOT. CAN ALSO BE DONE OVER BLUETOOTH, BUT MAKE SURE THE MOBILE DEVICE IS DISCOVERABLE(settings-Bluetooth), THEN ENSURE ITS PAIRED WITH THE LAPTOP. - 5EXPLAIN BLUETOOTH? PROCESS? TROUBLESHOOTING PROCESS?A WIRELESS STANDARD USED FOR TRANSMITTING DATA OVER SHORT DISTANCES(10meters approximately), LOOKING FOR OTHER DEVICES THAT ARE IN RANGE TO CONNECT TO. CAN BE USED TO CREATE A WPAN(wireless personal area network) WHICH IS A TYPE OF PERSONAL NETWORK CONSISTING CONNECTED DEVICE(usually a primary device such as a laptop).
OFTEN ENABLED BY DEFAULT IPHONES AND IPADS AND DISABLED ON ANDROID DEVICES. ENABLED BY ACCESSING SETTINGS ON MOBILE DEVICES. IN WINDOWS ITS ENABLED IN THE 'DEVICES AND PRINTER PANEL' WHERE YOU ALLOW BLUETOOTH DEVICES TO FIND THIS COMPUTER.
BOTH DEVICES NEED TO BE PAIRED IF COMMUNICATING OVER BLUETOOTH. WHEN ENABLES, YOU WILL SEE A LIST OF DISCOVERABLE DEVICES(nearby), THEN PAIRING(linking) BLUETOOTH DEVICES IS THE PROCESS OF SYNCHONISING THE DEVICES(ofter requires a pin code generated by one of the devices and entered in the other)
TROUBLESHOOTING
- ENSURE DEVICES ARE BT CAPABLE
- ENSURE DEVICES ARE FULLY CHARGED AND IN RANGE
- REBOOT MOBILE DEVICES
- REMOVE AND THEN RECONNECT THE BT DEVICE
- TRY CONNECTING TO A KNOWN GOOD BT DEVICE(ensure BT is functional) - 6Options for configuring mobile e-mail communication through 2 Primary Categories. Describe Web-Based?2 PRIMARY CATEGORIES:
WEB-BASED(services such as Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo where you only need to sign in to get email and account info no matter the device or application you are using, mail only stored on the servers of the service provider/never on the personal device). MORE COMMON FOR PERSONAL MAIL. ACCOUNT CAN GENERALLY BE ACCESSED DIRECTLY THROUGH AN APP(specifically designed to interact with e-mails), SO MAYBE MORE FUNCTIONAL AS THEY ARE DEDICATED TO SENDING AND RECEIVING MAIL. SET UP BY SELECTING PROVIDER, ENTER USERNAME AND PASSWORD. - 7Options for configuring mobile e-mail communication through 2 Primary Categories. Describe Standard?STANDARD(includes protocols such as POP3, IMAP, Exchange). COMMON IN CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTS OR HOME-BASED E-MAIL PROVIDED BY YOUR OWN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER.
POP3(Post Office Protocol, Version 3) - FIRST MAJOR E-MAIL PROCOL COMMONLY USED BUT OLD. SIMPLE PROCESS(e-mail client connects to the mail server - e-mail is downloaded directly to the device - typically, the e-mail is then deleted from the server). WILL ONLY BE ON THAT DEVICE.
IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol(IMAP) - POPULER EMAIL PROTOCOL, SAME FEATURES AS POP3 WITH FEW ENHANCEMENTS. THE MAIN DIFFERENCE IS IT ALLOWS E-MAILS TO BE SYNCHED BETWEEN MULTIPLE DEVICES(email can be stored on the server instead of being downloaded directly to the device, can lead to synchronization issues when deleting an email on one device and not the other. Also sent items on one device will not show on another, may deal with mail-in multiple places and not synchronized)
MAP AND POP3 ARE RECEIVE PROTOCOLS ONLY(only get incoming mail, cannot send a mail with either of those) - 8DESCRIBE SMTP? AND EXCHANGE?IMAP AND POP3 ARE RECEIVE PROTOCOLS ONLY(only get incoming mail, cannot send a mail with either of those) TO SEND YOU NEED SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - If using a home-based e-mail given by internet service provider, then they will give you an SMTP server to use(give you the outgoing mail server that you can configure in the application). You will be able to send mail but will cause issues when it comes to mobile devices when leaving the house and using a different network provider. As you can no longer send through the network server as internet service providers will not let people outside of their own network send mail through their servers. Ways around this are by talking with internet providers to specify the particular settings to use so that you can send them in a secure manner.
Microsoft Exchange/Microsoft Office 365 is a proprietary platform developed by Microsoft. Typically found in corporate environments managing their own mail with their exchange servers, not using web-based service or your ISP. - 9Benefits of Exchange?E-mail synching, folder support, sent messages are saved on the server, can implement collaboration with calendars and documents so you can share this with other people. ADMINISTRATED ENTIRELY BY THE IT STAFF OF THE CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT.
If using exchange or office 365, typically a fair amount of regulation is also implemented(such as not sending messages of a certain size, restricted to this much storage space, other policies with respect to how you can use the mail). But backed up all the time, with IT staff ensuring that everyone is able to use the service and that there are redundant servers in the case of failure. Very robust compared to home-based e-mail. - 10DEFINE S/MIME?S/MIME(SECURE/MULTIPURPOSE INTERNET MAIL EXTENSIONS) IMPLEMENTED TO HELP SECURE THE EMAIL ENVIRONMENT.
PROVIDES: ENCRYPTED AUTHENTICATIONS(ensures the identity of all parties involved), MESSAGE-INTEGRITY(the message itself has not been tampered with), DIGITAL SIGNATURES(validates the identity of the person who sent it), MESSAGE SECURITY(it has been encrypted)
CAN ENABLE THIS ON YOUR OWN DEVICE AS YOU SEND THE MAIL OUT BUT THE SERVERS THAT HANDLE IT ALSO NEED S/MIME IN ORDER FOR THIS TO FUNCTION. SO TYPICALLY NOT SOMETHING YOU SEE IN HOME-BASED E-MAIL ENVIRONMENTS BUT WITHIN INTERNAL MAIL FOR CORPORATES OR SET UP FOR PARTNERED ORGANISATIONS THAT THEY DEAL WITH FREQUENTLY(Inter-organisation)
REQUIREMENTS:
DIGITAL ENCRYPTION CERTIFICATE(required for the sender, obtained from a server in your corporate environment), DIGITAL PUBLIC KEY(from the intended recipient who also needs a certificate to generate a public key, anyone can get it)
EMAIL PROGRAM THAT SUPPORTS S/MIME EMAIL(exchange, also need the client to support it which outlook does) - 11COMMERCIAL E-MAIL CONFIGURATIONS FOR GOOGLE & YAHOO?GOOGLE(GMAIL) ON ANDROID DEVICES
- SELECT GMAIL ICON
- SPECIFY YOU ALREADY HAVE A GOOGLE ACCOUNT
- ENTER GOOGLE ACCOUNT CREDENTIALS(username/password)
IOS(ICLOUD) ON APPLE DEVICES
- SELECT SETTINGS - MAIL, CONTACTS, CALENDAR - ADD ACCOUNT
- SELECT GMAIL
- ENTER NAME, ADDRESS, PASSWORD
YAHOO(ANDROID)
- SELECT THE EMAIL ICON
SPECIFY EMAIL ADDRESS AND PASSWORD(recommend to use manual setup by), SPECIFY IMAP SETTINGS(including incoming(imap.mail.yahoo.com - port 993 (SSL)) and outcoming (smtp.mail.yahoo.com - port 465 (SSL)) server settings). SSL = secure sockets layer, meaning it's a secure connection. PORT SETTINGS SHOULD BE ENTERED WITH DEFAULT VALUES, VERIFY THERE
- OPTIONAL COMPONENTS SUCH AS SPECIFYING EMAIL CHECK FREQUENCY INTERVAL AND GIVE THE ACCOUNT A NAME.
YAHOO(IOS)
- SELECT SETTINGS - PASSWORDS & ACCOUNT
- ADD ACCOUNT
- SELECT YAHOO
- SIGN IN WITH YAHOO CREDENTIALS - 12COMMERCIAL E-MAIL CONFIGURATIONS FOR OUTLOOK & YAHOO?OUTLOOK(ANDROID)
- INSTALL OUTLOOK FOR ANDROID APP
- SELECT ADD ACCOUNT VIA SETTINGS
- SELECT OUTLOOK.COM AND SPECIFY A VALID ACCOUNT ENDING IN: @outlook.com, @hotmail.com, @msn.com, @live.com
OUTLOOK(IOS)
- INSTALL OUTLOOK FOR IOS APP
- LAUNCH APP AND TAP GET STARTED
- SIGN IN USING A VALID ACCOUNT ENDING IN: @outlook.com, @hotmail.com, @msn.com, @live.com
iCloud(ANDROID)
- SELECT THE E-MAIL APP
- SELECT ADD ACCOUNT AND ENTER iCloud EMAIL ADDRESS
- SPECIFY IMAP SETTINGS(incoming = imap.mail.me.com - port 993 and outgoing = smtp.mail.me.com)
- CHANGE SECURITY SETTINGS(outgoing) = option called STARTTLS(transport layer security - how you establish a secured connection to the outgoing server over port 587), an option that says you have to require a sign-in by authenticating to the server, allowing you to send mail through the server even when you aren't on the network of the provider.
iCloud(IOS)
- SELECT SETTINGS - PASSWORDS & ACCOUNTS
- SIGN IN USING EMAIL & PASSWORD(@mac.com, @me.com, @icloud.com)
TEST ALL CONFIGURATIONS AFTER SET UP, MAKE SURE YOU CAN SEND AND RECEIVE MAIL. - 13EXPLAIN PRI?PRODUCT RELEASE INFORMATION(PRI) - ESSENTIALLY THE UPDATE OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN A MOBILE DEVICE AND THE RADIO TRANSMITTER.
NEEDS UPDATES AS IT CAN INCLUDE INFORMATION SUCH AS NEW; ID NUMBERS, NETWORK CODES, AND COUNTRY CODES. AS THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF ANY PROVIDER CAN CHANGE AT ANY TIME, SO THIS INFO NEEDS TO REMAIN CURRENT. UPDATING CAN ADD FEATURES AND INCREASE DATA SPEEDS AS AN UPDATE TO A PHYSICAL ASPECT OF THE DEVICE. A FLASH PROCESS IS USED TO PERFORM PRI UPDATES, TYPICALL A FIRMWARE TYPE OF UPGRADE, ITS INFORMATION IN MEMORY. IN MOST CASES IT OCCURS IN OVER-THE-AIR UPDATES. IN RARE CASES YOU CAN BE REQUIRED TO PERFORM A MANUAL UPDATE WHERE YOU HAVE A FILE AND CONNECT THE DEVICE TO A LAPTOP AND USE THE SOFTWARE THAT IT CAME WITH TO PERFORM THE FLASH UPDATE. IF THIS IS THE CASE, FOLLOW THE VENDOR INSTRUCTIONS AS THE FLASH PROCESS CAN RENDER THE DEVICE USELESS. - 14EXPLAIN PRL?PREFERRED ROAMING LIST(PRL) - THIS IS A LIST OF RADIO FREQUENCIES RESIDING IN MEMORY(different frequencies are used in different geographic areas).
PRIMARILY BEING UPDATED TO ENSURE THE MOBILE DEVICE CONNECTS TO THE PROPER TOWER. THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PROVIDER CERTAINLY CAN CHANGE(OLDER TOWERS MAY BE DECOMMISSIONED), SO IT KEEPS EVERYTHING CURRENT WITH THESE CHANGES. MAY HAVE TO REBOOT THE DEVICE. COMMONLY USED ON CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS NETWORKS(CDMA - means based on the codes in your phone, that determines which network you should be using and multiple access means all of us can use the network at the same time but the codes that are used distinguish my transmission from anyone else's).
PRL UPDATES CAN CONTAIN; RADIO BANDS, SUB-BANDS, SERVICE PROVIDER IDs. THIS IS VERY FREQUENT WHEN ROAMING AS MAY NO LONGER BE IN AN AREA WHERE THAT PROVIDER EVEN EXISTS(traveling to other countries you use the service of some kind of partner from your main service provider, this ensures you use the correct one) - 15EXPLAIN BASEBAND?WHAT IS ACTUALLY GETTING UPDATED IS THE BASEBAND CHIP, THIS IS THE FIRMWARE ITSELF THAT'S USED BY THE CELLULAR MODEM MANUFACTURERS. THIS CONTROLS ALL OF THE GSM AND 3G PHONE RADIOFREQUENCY WAVES. SIMPLY IT IS WHERE THE CODE IS FOUND IN TERMS OF ALL THOSE TRANSMISSION FREQUENCIES AND SPECIFICATIONS, SO WHEN DOING A PRI, THIS IS WHAT YOU ARE UPDATING WHICH KEEPS EVERYTHING CURRENT.
- 16DEFINE RADIO FIRMWARE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF PERFORMING A RADIO FIRMWARE UPDATE?RADIO FIRMWARE - RADIOS FOUND IN MOBILE DEVICES ARE EQUIPPED WITH FIRMWARE(meaning that it is hardware but its programmable hardware, so the program itself can be updated). MANUFACTURER UPDATES OFTEN INCLUDE MODEM/BASEBAND FIRMWARE UPDATES(this can enhance the functionality of the device itself). NOT COMMON THESE DAYS, USUALLY DONE WHEN THE DEVICE HAS BEEN SENT IN FOR SERVICE.
FIRMWARE UPDATES(ANDROID)
- DOWNLOAD zip FILE & RENAME IT TO UPDATE .zip(if for some reason it called something else)
- COPY TO ROOT OF SD CARD
- REBOOT MOBILE INTO RECOVERY MODE(by holding the home button, then pressing power)
- APPLY THE UPDATE(press Alt+S to update the device itself)
-REBOOT DEVICE
FIRMWARE UPDATES(IOS)
- DOWNLOAD FIRMWARE
- CONNECT DEVICE TO COMPUTER WITH ITUNES
- CLICK ON THE UPDATES OR RESTORE BUTTON AND SELECT THE FIRMWARE FILE (should have a format of '.ipsw file'(if downloaded that file through a browser, possible that the browser renamed it to '.zip' which may of zip it up into another file. If so extract it and rename as it needs to be an IPSW file))
- REBOOT DEVICE - 17WHAT ARE THE 2 VALUES ASSIGNED TO EVERY MOBILE DEVICE USING THE GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK(GSM)?INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY(IMEI) - USED TO IDENTIFY A PHYSICAL DEVICE. IMEI IS HARDCODED INTO THE DEVICE, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO CHANGE. EVERY DEVICE HAS A DIFFERENT IMEI NUMBER, ALL UNIQUE.
HELPS PREVENT THE USE OF STOLEN DEVICES AS IT CAN BE REPORTED TO A CARRIER WHO CAN BLACKLIST IT. BLACKLISTED IMEI CAN BE SHARED WITH OTHER CELLULAR NETWORKS, RENDERING THEM USELESS TO EVEN NEW/DIFFERENT SIM CARDS AS THEY CANNOT CONNECT BECAUSE IT'S IDENTIFIED BY THE IMEI.
INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION(IMSI) - A UNIQUE 15 DIGIT NUMBER USED MORE TO INDICATE WHO IS USING THE DEVICE. THE FIRST 3 DIGITS REPRESENT THE MOBILE COUNTRY CODE(MCC)/WHERE THE SUBSCRIBER LIVES; THE NEXT 2 DIGITS REPRESENT THE MOBILE NETWORK CODE(MNC - provider in that country) AND THE REMAINING NUMBERS(10 are less) ARE THE MOBILE SUBSCRIPTION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER(MSIN)(up to the provider on what they use to identify each subscriber but ultimately the entire value put together generates another unique value).
ESSENTIALLY MAPS THIS USER TO THAT DEVICE ONCE YOU COMBINE THE IMEI WITH THE IMSI. - 18DEFINE VPN? 3 BENEFITS? HOW TO CONFIGURE?VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK - A SERVICE THAT CREATES A SECURE DIRECT CONNECTION TO ANOTHER NETWORK(internal intranet of your corporate environment). COMMONLY USED WHEN LOGGING ON TO PUBLIC Wi-Fi AS THE END USERS ARE INSTEAD REDIRECTED TO A DIFFERENT ENDPOINT(no longer seen as using the public network). BASICALLY MAKES YOU APPEAR AS THOUGH YOU ARE IN THE NETWORK(get to an email accessible only on the inside, get a file on the server) AND EVEN GIVES AN IP ADDRESS THAT RESIDES WITHIN THE RANGE OF THE INTERNAL NETWORK.
3 BENEFITS:
SECURITY(prevent sensitive data from being exploited as encryption is used)
ACCESS GEO-SPECIFIC CONTENT(location spoofing)
AVOID NETWORK RESTRICTIONS(workplace, school)
CONFIGURING VPN(ANDROID)
- SETTINGS - WIRELESS AND NETWORKS
- SELECT VPN OPTION
- CREATE A NEW CONNECTION BY SPECIFYING THE VPN SERVER(to which you are connecting(usually an IP address or fully qualified domain name of the server itself)
CONFIGURING VPN(IOS)
- SETTINGS - GENERAL - VPN
- ADD VPN CONFIGURATION
- PROVIDE VPN CONNECTION DETAILS(usually just the server to which you are connecting)
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- Learning Technology Specialist CompTIA A+ (Core 1) Flashcards on Module 4, created by Chantelle Knight on 26/08/2021.
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