Flashcards
Unit test science review
Cards in this deck (60)
- 1B. Explain how water cycles on Earth including collection sites and how the water cycle is powered. C. What happens if the amount of evaporation decreases?Radiation
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Collection
Part B
Sun’s radiation heats the water and turns liquid water to gas. (evaporation). When the warm moist air rises and comes in contact with the cool atmosphere, the water loses the heat energy and changes back to a liquid again to form clouds. Gravity will bring liquid down in form of precipitation which eventually collects in a body of water
Part C:
Less precipitation - 2AIR PRESSURE Using the diagram below, arrange the letters on the line from least air pressure?greatest air pressure.F D C E
Least Greatest
-----------------------------------------------------
Air Air
<--------------------------------------------->
Pressure Pressure
EXPLANATION: There more molecules near the surface and fewer at higher elevations.
- 3—1. A surface map shows conditions near Earth’s surface. This map shows ___high and __low pressure areas (H and L). The curved lines show warm and cold fronts (where cold and warm air masses meet).
On this map, the weather in Maryland probably would be:
Cool and dry
2. *Hint: “When the pressure’s high, it’s _clear skies_ and __no precipitation_”
3. Winds along the surface between the pressure systems will most likely move
b. from the high pressure center to low
pressure center
- 4Weather and Climate: 1. Describe the differences between weather and climate 2. What are the two main components of climate?. Weather: Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, and its short-term variation in minutes to weeks. People generally think of weather as the combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and wind.
Climate: Climate is the weather of a place averaged over a period of time, often 30 years.
2. temperature and precipitation - 5—Coriolis Effect:
The defection of global winds caused by the Earth’s rotation. Winds and ocean currents will deflect to the right in the north hemisphere and left in the south hemisphere.
- 61. Compare the temperature & density of deep ocean currents, and surface ocean currents. 2. How do ocean currents affect the climate of an area? 3. How can water affect the temperature of the air above it?1.In deep ocean currents the salinity will be higher and the temperature of water colder. In surface ocean currents, the salinity will be less and warmer than the deep.
2. They distribute heat around the globe.
: water has very little effect on the temperature and the air above it.
- 7Geographic Features Effecting Weather Describe how these Geographical features that effect Climate: 1. Latitude- 2. Bodies of Water- 3. Mountains- 4. Elevations- 5 Continental Locations 6. Ocean currents 7. Wind
- 81. Which place on Earth receives a constant amount of solar Energy? 2. What does the air and water do at the equator and why? 3. What does the air and water do at the poles and why? 4. Where do winds and ocean currents move heat energy from?1. equator
2. warm moist air rises at the equator to form low pressure systems; less dense
3. cool, dry air sink to form high pressure systems; more dense
4. equator
- 9How does being located next to a large body of water affect temperatures (and climate) of a location?If winds blow from the water to the land, the temps will be more moderate and precip will increase. If winds blow from the land to the water, there won’t be much of an effect unless a low pressure comes on land and changes the direction of the wind.
- 10How does the wind move? 2. Describe the vertical and horizontal motions of air At the high pressure center. 3. Describe the vertical and horizontal motions of air at the low pressure center. 4. How does wind move between pressure systems?For our latitude, the wind moves from the west to the east.
Low pressure
L:up, in, counterclockwise
Winds move from a high pressure to a low pressure system
- 11How does the wind move? 2. Describe the vertical and horizontal motions of air At the high pressure center. 3. Describe the vertical and horizontal motions of air at the low pressure center. 4. How does wind move between pressure systems?For our latitude, the wind moves from the west to the east.
High pressure
H: down, out, clockwise
Winds move from a high pressure to a low pressure system
- 12A: What is the air front of the diagram? B: What is the weather associated with it?A: Cold front
B: Cold fronts produce cumulonimbus clouds (anvil-shaped, thunderstorm clouds). Big thunderstorms in the summer and snowfalls in the winter are the weather conditions associated with cold fronts.
- 13A: What is the air front of the diagram? B: What is the weather associated with it?A: Warm Front
B: Steady, long-lasting rains in the summer
and steady snowfalls in the winter are weather conditions associated with warm fronts.
- 14A: What is the air front of the diagram? B: What is the weather associated with it?A: Stationary Front
B: Stationary fronts often produce nimbostratus clouds. Nimbostratus clouds are rain
clouds that are in layers. These are clouds that seem
to cover the whole sky on rainy, overcast days.
- 15A: What is the air front of the diagram? B: What is the weather associated with it?A: Occluded Front
B: Weather conditions associated with an occluded front can be divided into three categories: before passing while passing, and after passing. Occluded fronts cause storms.
- 16_: forms over tropics and is warm. __: form over the poles and is cold. _: form over the ocean and is very humid. _: form over land and is dry.__Tropical__: forms over tropics and is warm.
___Polar___: form over the poles and is cold.
__Maritime_____: form over the ocean and is very humid.
__Continental_____: form over land and is dry. - 17Name all five layers of the atmosphere?
- 18Fill in the blanks *Gravity and Atmospheric Pressure: The stronger the ____, the more __ is held by the world and the ______the weight of the atmosphere on a point.*Gravity and Atmospheric Pressure: The stronger the __gravity __, the more _gas_ is held by the world and the _____greater _the weight of the atmosphere on a point.
- 19Fill in the blanks _________ pulls the air molecules toward the earth, giving them ________. The weight of the air molecules all around us is called the____ ____Gravity ____ pulls the air molecules toward the earth, giving them ____weight____.
The weight of the air molecules all around us is called the____air pressure ___ - 20A: What's the weather associated with low pressure? B: What's the weather associated with high pressure?Low Pressure
warm moist air is less dense and rise
2. counterclockwise up and in
3. from high to low pressure
A: clouds and rain
High Pressure
cool, dry air sinks
2.clockwise
3. high pressure to low-pressure winds
B: clear skies - 21—
- 22What is UpwellingUpwelling is the vertical movement of water toward the ocean’s surface. Upwelling occurs when ____wind___blows across the ocean’s surface and ____pushes water___ away from an area. Deeper colder water then rises to replace it.
- 23What are Density Currents?Density Currents ____are a type of vertical current that carries water from the surface to deeper parts of the ocean. Density Currents are caused by changes in __density___rather than wind.
- 24What is a sea breeze?Sea Breeze: (wind coming from the sea)
In the morning, the sand heats up faster__ than water; hotter less dense air __rises_ and clouds form.
The cooler air over the ocean will push in to take the place of the _rising__ air.
The _cooler__ air sinks over the ocean. - 25What is a Land Breeze?Land Breeze: (wind coming from the land)
At night, the sand cools very quickly while the ocean temperature changes slowly. The ___warm__ air rises and clouds form.
The ______cooler__ air over the land will push in to take the place of the ______rising__ air over the water.
The ____cool____ air over the land sinks. - 26How do you read the weather symbols?
- 27What types of electromagnetic waves does the sun off?
- 28Fill in the Blanks: __ currents and ___ __ currents affect weather and climate in different ways Regions near warm-water currents are often _____ and _____ than regions near cold-water currentsWarm water__ currents and ___cold water __ currents affect weather and climate in different ways
Regions near warm-water currents are often ___warmer__ and ___wetter__ than regions near cold-water currents - 29Where should there be the lowest pressure on the globe? The highest pressure?
- 30What are two forms of visiable radiation?
- 31What way do the winds blow in the United States?West to East
- 32Describe Prevailing WesterliesPrevailing westerlies are found between the Horse latitudes and 60 degrees N and S.
They blow towards the East
They blow from the south west in the NH and from the North west in the SH.
They are important in the weather of Europe and America.. - 33What are Horse Latitudes?Horse Latitudes are about 30 degrees N and S of the equator.
At this point the rising air from the equator begins to cool and sink
This area is High pressure and there is very little global wind at this latitude. - 34A: Which area of the Earth receives the most solar radiation? B: Why does less solar radiation reach the poles?A: Most sunlight is between 0-30 degrees north and south. If the sunlight is outside of that area, it could be summer.
Because of the spherical shape of the Earth. Sunlight is less direct.
B:
Because of the spherical shape of the Earth. Sunlight is less direct. - 35A: Which area of the Earth receives the most solar radiation? B: What is the effect on precipitation?A: the Equator receives the most direct sunlight all year long.
B: More sunlight, more precipitation. - 36Tropical rainforests can be found around the equator, which receives a lot of insolation annually. Why is this area not arid and dry?Because the warmer temps cause more evaporation to occur.
- 37If a mountain range is located at latitude 20°S. Which sides of the mountain (east or west) would be considered leeward and windward?The east side of the mountain will be the windward because it’s the first side of the mountain the wind hits.
- 38Examine the map at the station. London, England is at a higher latitude than New York City, New York. But, both locations have very similar average yearly temperatures. Explain how this is possible.The warm Gulf Stream current influences the temperature; making it warmer.
- 39Which South African city will have cooler yearly temperatures and why: Durban or Walvis Bay.Durban, because of the cold current.
- 40A: Why does lower air pressure cause the temperature to decrease as you increase elevation? B: Why does precipitation fall as snow at higher elevations?A: Because there are fewer molecules.
B: Because it’s cooler. - 41Why would windward sides of the mountain have higher than average precipitation?The wind carries the moist air and when that moist air hits the mountain, it’s forced up, to form clouds and rain on that side.
- 42Leeward sides of the mountain range tend to have less vegetation than the windward side. Why is this the case?Because it has less precipitation.
- 43Windward sides of the mountain tend to be close to large bodies of water. How might the water contribute to the area’s temperature and precipitation?Windward sides of the mountain tend to be cooler with higher amounts of precipitation.
- 44What are Trade winds?Are found between the: Horse latitudes and Doldrums
The wind blows towards the equator
Due to the Coriolis effect, they blow toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere and right in the Northern Hemisphere.
In the NH, they blow from The east
In the SH, they blow from The east . - 45What are Polar Easterlies?Polar Easterlies: Are located north of the 60 N and south of the north/south pole
They blow from the North east near the north pole and from the south near the south pole. - 46What are Jet Streams?Jet Streams: Are another type of ___gobal wind____.
Jet streams can be __________1,000-3,000 miles ______ long, _____3,000-7,000 feet__ thick, and _____100-400_miles_ wide.
They are located 9 miles above the Earth’s surface.
Generally, they blow from the west to the east
Their path wanders north and south between 110-250 mi/hr
They blow at speeds of 110 to 250 km/hour - 47What are Local winds?Local Winds: Can be a land breeze or a sea breeze.
Air moves from the ocean to the land creating a sea breeze.
Air moves from the land to the sea creating a and breeze. - 48Describe what windward and leeward winds looks like
- 49What are windward winds?windward means "upwind," or the direction from which the wind is blowing. ... An island's windward side faces the prevailing, or trade, winds
- 50What leeward wind?Meaning: being in or facing the direction toward which the wind is blowing also: being the side opposite the windward.
island's leeward side faces away from the wind, sheltered from prevailing winds by hills and mountains - 51A: What is radiation?A: Definition:
Heat traveling in waves as infrared radiations.
Example:
Light energy from the sun into infrared
Fire burns chemical energy in wood into infrared - 52A: What is conduction?A: Definition:
When touching atoms hit each other, transferring energy
Example:
Touching a burner
Metal fire poker - 53A: What is convection?Definition:
Warm fluids rise and cool fluids sink
Example:
Boiling water
Air in the atmosphere - 54What effects are caused by jittering atoms?Heat moves to cooler objects.
- 55What are two forms of non-visible radiation?
- 56Two major surfaces energy?
- 57Describe the earth's energy budget.
- 58Name an air mass that is warm and moist.Maritime Tropical
- 59Name an air mass that is cool and dry?Continental Polar
- 60What does the letter H stand for on a weather map?High Pressure
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- GRE Science Flashcards on Unit test science review , created by nobody 248 on 26/10/2021.
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