Flashcards
Saavedra
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Saavedra and Silverman, Disgust and a Specific Phobia of Buttons, 2002Learning Approach
Button Phobia - 2Methodology-
-
Case Study
Observations and Questionnaires
Longitudinal - 3AimsTo use exposure therapy to treat a Specific Phobia in a child with emotions of fear and disgust related to buttons. (This emotion of disgust was not previously discussed in depth in the literature.) The other aim to to investigate causes of a button phobia in a child.
- 4HypothesesNo Hypothesis
- 5VariablesNot an Experiment
No Independent or Dependent Variable - 6Sample/ ParticipantsOpportunity Sample
9 year old Hispanic America Boy - 7Data TypeThe data collected was mixed both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data was questions about why the boy found buttons disgusting. For example, the phobia began when the boy was 5 years old. This was when a bowl of buttons fell on him in art class. He said this was very distressing and since he has avoided buttons. The quantitative data was the distress rating and severity ratings measured on a 9 point scale Rating from 0-8. For example, the large denim buttons received a rating of 2 and small plastic buttons received a rating of 8.
- 8Results-Results (6 and 12 month follow-up)
-Using the ADIS-C/P Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule - Child and Parent Versions (for DSM-IV) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
○No longer qualified for Diagnosis of Specific Phobia under DSM-IV
○Minimal distress about buttons and more willing to approach buttons was found
○The boy continued wearing clear plastic buttons on school uniform - 9ConclusionsOnly after addressing fear and disgust was the treatment considered a success.
Consistent with the Evaluative Learning Perspective
●Clinicians should remember to look for and address fear and disgust when treating children with Specific Phobias.
●Future research should look and see where disgust plays a predominate role in maintenance of a phobia and treat accordingly. - 10Strengths1)Case Study: Obtained in depth understanding of a child with a Specific Phobia related to buttons with cognitive disgust.
2) Suggests using Evaluative Learning Perspective, using Disgust-related imagery exposure and cognitions, to treat future children presenting with disgust related phobias.
3)Suggests treatment options for children who present with disgust related specific phobias - 11Weaknesses1)Since this is a case study of 1 participant, cannot generalize the results of this study of button phobia to all children or adults presenting with a disgust related phobia.
2)Due to this being a case study without Independent and Dependent variables and Random Assignment, this study is low on validity and reliability. - 12GeneralizabilityThe researchers only studied one individual.
He could be a unique case, which would make generalising difficult as he may not represent any other person who has a button phobia - 13ApplicationThe findings of this study showed that the intervention therapy was a success. This means that it could be implemented with other phobic children or even adults. Using exposure-based treatment can help decrease phobias in people so could be used more often.
- 14EthicsEthics of the therapy: Obtained consent from mother and child (what about the father?)
●Ethics of Case Studies: Lacks scientific rigor
●Ethics of using children: Children may not understand the risks and benefits of participating in a study and therefore may not give “informed consent.” (However, mother provided informed consent.) - 15ReliabilityThe results are not likely to be found again. This is because there was no independent or dependent variable. Also there was no setting for this study it was not in a lab rather it was wherever the boy was. So it can’t be replicated for reliability.
- 16ValidityThe study is in a realistic situation since the boy was studied as part of his everyday life (high ecological validity). The study however does jot measure what it claims to since it never claimed to measure anything (dependent variable).
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Saavedra , created by Jasmin Torres on 11/04/2022.
- Created by
- Jasmin Torres
- Views
- 4
- Rating