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Flashcards

changing cites geography

Keisha Quashie English 90 cards

Cards in this deck (90)

  1. 1What is urbanisation?The increase in the number of people living in towns and cities compared to the countryside.
  2. 2A developed country is:Country with very high human development (VHHD). Countries in North America, Europe and Oceania mainly fall in this category.
  3. 3An emerging country is:Country with high or medium human development (HMHD). Countries in Asia and Latin America mainly fall in this category.
  4. 4. A developing country is:Country with low human development (LHD), a poor country. Countries in Africa mainly fall in this category.
  5. 5What size is a major city?At least 200,000 people
  6. 6What size is a megacity?At least 10 million people
  7. 7Globally, where do more people live?Urban areas
  8. 8In what type of countries is the most rapid urban growth happening in?Developing and emerging countries
  9. 9Which continent has the fastest rate of urbanisation?Africa
  10. 10What is natural increase?The rise in population caused by births exceeding deaths
  11. 11What are birth and death rates?The number of births of deaths per 1000 people in a year
  12. 12What does rural depopulation mean?The movement of people from rural to urban areas
  13. 13What is industrialisation?Increase of industry
  14. 14What is mechanisation?Increase use of machinery
  15. 15What were the Enclosure Acts?Villages were not allowed to use open fields and commons for farming
  16. 16What is a shanty town?Home for the poor, made from scrap materials
  17. 17Identify the main cause of urbanisation in the developed world.Industrialisation
  18. 18What century did urbanisation occur in, in the developed world?19th century
  19. 19. Identify the two main causes of urbanisation in developing and emerging countries.High natural increase and rural to urban migration
  20. 20Identify a negative social effect of urbanisation on developed countries.Buses and trains are full
  21. 21Identify a negative economic effect of urbanisation on developed countries.Money is spent improving infrastructure
  22. 22Identify a negative environmental effect of urbanisation on developing and emerging countries.increase in air pollution
  23. 23. Identify a positive social effect of urbanisationEducation and heath is very accessible
  24. 24Identify the examples of physical factors affecting the rate of urbanisation in the UK.Relief of land, water supply, raw materials, climate and soil
  25. 25Identify the examples of economic factors affecting the rate of urbanisation in the UK.Localised growth of tertiary and quaternary industry, as well as the growth of financial centres
  26. 26Identify the examples of historical factors affecting the rate of urbanisation in the UK.The Industrial Revolution, and Enclosure Acts
  27. 27Identify the examples of political factors affecting the rate of urbanisation in the UK.Location of national and local government, as well as government policies.
  28. 28Why did the Enclosure Acts result in the rapid growth of cities such as Birmingham in the 19th century?People were being forced off the land and lost their jobs
  29. 29Why have the south coast towns developed as a retirement settlements?They are more relaxing with a mild climate
  30. 30Give an example of a south coast townBournemouth
  31. 3110. Why did cities that had located on river estuaries grow during the 18th and 19th century?Trade with other countries increased
  32. 32Why did the urban areas in South Wales, Swansea and Cardiff, grow in the 19th century?Natural resources e.g. coal
  33. 33Why do areas of steep relief not attract industry?It is difficult to build roads, making it less accessible
  34. 34Identify another reason why areas of steep relief have not developed as urban areas.Thin infertile soils
  35. 35Identify an area with the steepest relief.North West Scotland
  36. 36What did UK economic growth focus on from the 1950s onwards?Tertiary and quaternary industry
  37. 37Where did these new industries developSouth and south-east of England
  38. 38Why were the industries attracted here?Good transport and communications
  39. 39Describe Birmingham’s location on a national scaleIn the West Midland’s, 150km north west of London
  40. 40Describe Birmingham’s location on a regional scaleIn the UK, northwest of Europe
  41. 41Describe Birmingham’s location on a global scaleEast of Canada in North America and west of Russia in Asia
  42. 42Describe Mexico City’s location on a national scaleIn Central-south Mexico surrounded by the states of Mexico and Morelos
  43. 43Describe Mexico City’s location on a regional scaleIn the south of North America to the south of the United States
  44. 44Describe Mexico City’s location on a global scaleNorth west of Brazil and east of China
  45. 45What is the site of a settlement?The land a settlement is built upon
  46. 46What is the situation of a settlement?The surrounding human and physical features
  47. 47What is the connectivity of a city?How it is connected to other settlements
  48. 48One site factor for Birmingham is that it is a wet-point site. What does this mean?located near a river
  49. 49The three rivers in Birmingham are calledRiver Tame, Cole and Rea
  50. 50Birmingham is one of the UK’s highest cities. How many metres above sea level is it?140m
  51. 51Why was building easy in Birmingham?Built on a plateau
  52. 52Birmingham has great accessibility to the rest of the UK. How many motorways serve Birmingham?4
  53. 53Birmingham is connected to the rest of the world by Birmingham Airport. How many miles east from the city is it located?6 miles
  54. 54The lake Mexico City was originally sited on was calledLake Texcoco
  55. 55Mexico City is located on the Central Plateau. How many metres above sea level is it?2200m
  56. 56Why was building Mexico City on the central plateau easy?its on flat land
  57. 57All land routes between North and South America pass through Mexico City. This makes the city veryaccssesible
  58. 58Mexico City is connected to the rest of the world by Mexico City Airport. How many miles east from the city is it located5 miles
  59. 59What is the central point of a city called?CBD (Central Business District)
  60. 60What is the zone which surrounds the CBD called?inner city
  61. 61What is zone surrounding the inner city called?suburbs
  62. 62What is the zone surrounding the suburbs called?Rural-urban fringe
  63. 63. In UK cities, what is a main function of the CBD?Retail & Commerce
  64. 64In UK cities, the function of the inner city is residential. What type of houses are mainly found here?terraced
  65. 65Identify an inner city area in Birmingham.sparkbrooke
  66. 66The urban-rural fringe in UK cities also has a residential function with many new built houses from the 1990s/21century. Identify the name of a new housing estate in Birmingham’s rural-urban fringe.Middlefield Spring
  67. 67Where are the oldest building found in UK cities?CBD
  68. 68There are however many new buildings in the CBD of UK cities, why?It has experienced regeneration and redevelopment
  69. 69In general, what happens to the age of buildings with distance from the CBD in UK cities?get newer
  70. 70What is a main function of the CBD in developing/ emerging cities ?Retail & Commerce
  71. 71. Identify a major business and retail area in Mexico City.santa fe
  72. 72The function of the inner city is residential. What types of housing are mainly found here?Middle class apartments and luxury gated communities
  73. 73The suburbs in developing and emerging cities has a function of light industry but also has a function of residential. What type of housing is mainly found here?Haphazard middle class housing
  74. 74The urban-rural fringe in developing/ emerging cities also has a residential function. What type of housing are mainly found here?shanty towns
  75. 75In general, what happens to the quality of housing with distance from the CBD in developing/ emerging cities?The quality gets worse
  76. 76Define immigrationThe process of moving into a country
  77. 77Define emigrationThe process of moving out of a country
  78. 78Define international migrationMovement of people from one country to another with the intention of staying there for at least a year.
  79. 79Define national migrationThe permanent movement (for at least one year) of people from one area of a country to another
  80. 80One cause of international migration is to seek better jobs and living standards. Many migrants have come from Eastern European countries since 2000. Identify the Eastern European countriesPoland, Latvia and Estonia
  81. 81The majority of migrants are young. What percentage of migrants are aged 18-35?60%
  82. 82Elderly people have left Birmingham to retire to different part of the UK. Identify an area they have moved to.cornwall
  83. 83In 2012-2015 many people fleeing fighting migrated to Birmingham. Which countries did they leave?Syria and Afghanistan
  84. 84Many people migrate to Birmingham to attend universities. How many universities and students are there in BirminghamFive and 78,000
  85. 85What part of the city do most international migrants moved to?Inner city
  86. 86. Give an example of an area in Birmingham with a high proportion of migrants.sparkbrook
  87. 87Migration impacts on the age structure of Birmingham. The percentage of people aged 20-35 is higher than the national average What is the percentage?66%
  88. 88Identify a positive impact of the change in age structureHigh unemployment
  89. 89Migration impacts the ethnicity of the area. What percentage of Birmingham’s population are from ethnic groups other than white?42%
  90. 90—

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Flashcards on changing cites geography, created by Keisha Quashie on 10/05/2022.
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Keisha Quashie
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