Flashcards
Chapter 6: Memory
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Alan BaddeleyKnown for his research on memory and for developing the three-component model of working memory.
1. Phonological
2. Episodic Buffer
3. Visuospatial Sketchpad - 2Atkinson & ShiffrinThe Atkinson–Shiffrin model is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.
1. Stimuli
2. Sensory Memory
3. Attention
4. Short-Term Memory
5. Encoding
6. Long-Term Memory - 3Elizabeth LoftusBest known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies.
- 4Lost in the Mall StudyImplanted false memories about being lost in a mall.
- 5Bugs Bunny at Disney StudyParticipants recalled false memories about meeting bugs bunny at Disney.
- 6ForgettingLoss of a memory.
- 7George MillerMiller (1956) conducted memory studies which concluded working memory is able to hold about 7 bits of information (sometimes plus or minus 2, so 5-9 bits.)
- 8Herman EbbinghausPioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. Repetition aids memory.
- 9Levels-of-Processing ApproachTheorizes that information is processed categorically, or “depth of processing.”
- 10Multi-Store Model of MemoryAtkinson–Shiffrin memory model
- 11Primacy EffectTendency to show enhanced memory for items presented at the beginning of a body of information, better than items presented in the middle of the list.
- 12Recency EffectTendency to show enhanced memory for items presented at the end of a body of information, better than items presented in the middle of the list.
- 13Serial Position EffectThe tendency to remember the first and last items in a body of information better than those in the middle.
- 14Iconic MemoryVisual sensory memory lasting only a fraction of a second.
- 15Echoic MemoryAuditory sensory memory lasting only 2-4 seconds.
- 16Proactive InterferenceThe tendency of previously learned material to hinder subsequent learning.
- 17Retroactive InterferenceThe tendency of later learning to hinder the memory of previously learned material.
- 18Working MemorySee "Alan Baddely”
- 19ChunkingBits of informations are combined and categorized so more information can be held in short-term memory. Kind of like a file cabinet with folders.
- 20Cocktail Party EffectPicture a party, where everyone is engrossed in their own separate conversations and ignoring everything else, however should one of these person’s name be called among the crowd, they can selectively and specifically attend to this stimulus.
- 21Non-Declarative MemoryType of long-term memory that is used for motor skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned reactions. These memories are not conscious, but their existence is implied because they affect conscious behavior. (Ex. Reading, writing, walking, eating.)
- 22Declarative MemoryType of long-term memory that is consciously known. (Ex. Names of states, trauma, your first kiss.)
- 23Semantic MemoryExplicit memory of general knowledge. (Ex. Trivia knowledge, concepts, definitions.)
- 24Episodic MemoryExplicit memory of personal knowledge. (Ex. What you ate for breakfast, traumatic events, daily activities.)
- 25Retrieval CueA Retrieval Cue is a stimulus to help you remember something.
- 26Context-Dependent LearningThe actual physical environment in which you learn information can later serve as a retrieval cue.
- 27State-Dependent LearningMemories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state (Ex. When happy, sad, angry etc.)
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- College PSY 200 Flashcards on Chapter 6: Memory, created by Sarahy Perez on 28/10/2022.
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