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Flashcards

Forensic - L1

Rebecca H English 31 cards

Cards in this deck (31)

  1. 1Is "criminal profiling" merely a pseudoscience?A meta-analysis by Snook et al. suggested criminal profiling is an "extraneous and redundant" technique
    Kocisis et al. conducted a study where participants were given extensive background information about a real murder case and then asked to evaluate the perpetrator. Participants performed better than if given no information at all. Profilers weren't found to be any better than other participants.
    There are 3 reasons why a person may believe in criminal profiling:
    1) Physician's Phallacy - only reporting what goes well
    2) Barnum Effect - picking out the bits of the profile that fit, even though these things fit just about everybody
    3) Expertise Heuristic - "surely all these smart, qualified people can't be talking rubbish?"
  2. 2Discuss TWO difficulties faced by forensic psychologists in assessing future risk in offenders. What strategies are available to overcome these difficulties?Two difficulties faced by a forensic psychologist when assessing future risk in offenders are faking good and faking bad. faking good is when an individual may hide thoughts or intentions that may hinder their progress. Faking bad, also known as malingering, is when an individual fakes a mental illness in order to get a more lenient sentence.
    Some strategies that are available to overcome these difficulties are using questionnaires, such as the TOMM, and using a polygraph to detect physical responses whereby such physical responses would produce an abnormal reaction when lying, e.g., GSR.
  3. 3What is Forensic Psychology?The field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates to the law or the legal system
  4. 4Where do traumatic memories exist in the brain? What disorder are traumatic memories characteristic of?Remain in the amygdala. They are characteristic of PTSD
  5. 5To what population does clinical psychology apply to forensic psychology?Forensic psychiatric
  6. 6What did Fazel & Danesh (2003) find in their meta-analysis?High prevalence of mental and personality disorders in prison populations
  7. 7What did Fazel et al. find?High prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse in prison populations
  8. 8What will a forensic psychologist do? - There are 6 things1) Carry out one-to-one assessments. Often to assess the risk of re-offending, suicide, self-harm, or other high-risk behaviour
    2) Develop, implement & review offender treatment and rehabilitation programmes
    3) Evaluate situations affecting prisoners
    4) Deliver training to support forensic staff
    5) Provide expert witness testimony in a legal setting
    6) Contribute to policy and strategy development
  9. 9What did Torres et al. find out about criminal profiling?Over 80% of mental health professionals think it is a useful tool for law enforcement
  10. 10What is geographical profiling?Tend to kill people closer to home
  11. 11What is the job of a criminal profiler?To predict
  12. 12Explain the involvement of criminal profiling in the October 2002, Washington DC shootingsVictims appeared 'random'. The shooters ended up being 2 African-American men aged 41 and 17. The former was a former soldier with 4 children. Criminal profilers did not predict this.
  13. 13Describe Kocisis et al. findings about criminal profilingParticipants, including criminal profilers and chemistry undergrads, asked to evaluate aspects of the perpetrator of real murder cases after being given extensive background info.
    They did better than if given no info at all, but no evidence that profilers do better than anyone else.
  14. 14What did Snook et al. conclude about criminal profiling in their meta-analysis?That it is an extraneous and redundant technique
  15. 15What are 3 reasons why people believe in criminal profiling?1) physician's phallacy: only report what goes well
    2) Barnum effect: pick out bits of the profile that fit, even though these fit just about everybody
    3) Expertise Heuristic
  16. 16Why is important to understand 'why' a person committed a crime?Important for implications about management of this person - what treatment they need, should they be released etc.
  17. 17What is formulation?Working out the 'why' of a situation
  18. 18What are 5 assessment techniques in forensic psychology?1) Interview
    1a) structured
    1b) semi-structured
    1c) unstructured
    2) psychometric tests
    3) projective tests
    4) objective tests
    5) physiological and neurophysiological tests
  19. 19What secondary information is needed when doing a forensic assessment?Collateral information (criminal records, medical records, school records, employment records etc.)
  20. 20What is usually discussed in a clinical interview?Childhood attachments, attitudes, sexual fantasies
  21. 21What is an example of a structured clinical interview?PCL-R, HCR-20
  22. 22How do the primary aims of a therapeutic assessment and forensic assessment differ?A therapeutic assessment aims to treat the presenting problems.
    A forensic assessment aims to report to the court on the examinee's problems and their possible consequences
  23. 23What is the Tarasoff liability?This is where psychotherapists have a duty to protect potential victims if their patients made threats or otherwise behaved as if they presented a "serious danger of violence to another"
  24. 24What are neuropsychological assessments?Performance-based. Can be used to see if someone is capable of standing trial etc. WAIS-IV is a neuropsychological assessment
  25. 25What is a physiological assessment?Can be used to infer psychological response? - such as skin conductance, pupillometry, genital response
  26. 26What physiological assessment did Burley, Gray & Snowden do?Examined pupil dilation to arousing and non-arousing pictures in male offenders. The pupils of male offenders with psychopathy did not dilate to the negative arousing pictures; whereas, normally the pupil dilates to both the positive and negative arousing pictures
  27. 27What is a psychometric test?Standardised measure of an individual's capabilities and lifestyle, such as the Beck Depression Inventory and the GAD
  28. 28What is a projective test?Used to infer underlying traits, such as the Rosach inkblot test
  29. 29What did Lilienfeld et al. conclude in their meta-analysis about projective tests?There is little support for their usage
  30. 30What is the 'reference-group effect'?Comparing oneself to the norm in one's environment
  31. 31What are problems that can occur with forensic assessment?1) may "fake bad" (i.e., malingering): pretend to have a mental illness to gain a more lenient sentence
    2) may "fake good": hide thoughts and intentions that will hinder their progress

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Flashcards on Forensic - L1, created by Rebecca H on 20/12/2022.
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Rebecca H
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