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Flashcards

P3

Anna Hollywood Physics GCSE English 3.3Average rating 3.3 out of 5 (3 ratings) 57 cards

Cards in this deck (57)

  1. 1Increasing the speed reduces......the time needed to cover the same distance
  2. 2On a distance time graph, what does a steeper gradient mean?A higher speed
  3. 3What does a straight line on a distance-time graph indicate?That the speed is constant
  4. 4What does a curved line on a distance-time graph indicate?That the speed is changing
  5. 5What is a change of speed per unit of time called?Acceleration
  6. 6The area under a speed-time graph is equal to what?The distance travelled
  7. 7Is velocity a vector or a scalar?Vector (both size and direction)
  8. 8How do you work out the relative velocity for two cars that are moving in the same direction?Find the difference
  9. 9How do you work out the relative velocity for two cars that are moving in different directions?The sum of the individual velocities
  10. 10Why is a vehicle going round a roundabout accelerating?It has to apply force towards the centre of the circle to keep changing direction
  11. 11If the forces are balanced at what state is the vehicle?Constant speed or rest
  12. 12What are the 4 things that increase reaction time for a driver?If they are... tired, under the influence of alcohol/drugs, travelling faster or distracted
  13. 13What are the 3 things that increase braking distance?-Poor road conditions
    -Worn brakes
    -Speed is increased
  14. 14What are the 3 things that ensure safe driving?-Keeping distance between you and other vehicles
    -Different speed limits
    -Slow down in poor conditions
  15. 15What are the 5 factors that affect braking distance?-Bigger mass=increased BD
    -Higher speed=increased BD
    -Worn breaks=increased BD
    -Worn tyres=increased BD
    -Increased breaking force=reduced stopping distance
  16. 16What increases linearly with speed?Thinking distance
  17. 17What increases as a squared relationship?Braking distance
  18. 18When is work done?When a force moves an object in the direction in which the force acts
  19. 19What is weight a measurement of?The gravitational attraction on a body acting towards the centre of the Earth
  20. 20What is power?The rate at which work is done
  21. 21A persons power is greater when they run than when they walk. True or false?True
  22. 22What does the power rating of a car depend on?Its engine size
  23. 23How does the braking distance of a car increase?With increasing speed (but not proportionally)
  24. 24What happens to a car's K.E when it stops?It changes into heat in the brakes, tyres and road.
  25. 25Work done by brakes=Loss in K.E
  26. 26Braking force x braking distance =Loss in K.E
  27. 27What happens to the K.E and the braking distance when the speed of the car doubles?They quadruple
  28. 28What are the 5 factors that affect the fuel consumption of a car?-amount of energy needed to increase its K.E
    -Amount of energy needed to do work against friction
    -speed
    -how it's driven
    -road conditions(rough)
  29. 29What are 4 issues with electric cars (solar powered and battery driven)?-Battery is large
    -Limited range before they need recharging
    -Expensive to buy
    -Rely on sun
  30. 30What are two advantages of electric cars?-They don't (directly) pollute
    -Cost of recharging is low
  31. 31How do battery powered cars indirectly pollute?Recharging the batteries requires electricity from power stations which pollute
  32. 32Although biofuels may reduce carbon emissions, why is this not certain?Because deforestation leads to an increase in CO2 levels
  33. 33What spreading momentum change over a long time do?Reduces the force
  34. 34How can we reduce acceleration (and therefore force)?-Increasing stopping/collision time
    -Increasing stopping/collision distance
  35. 35What are the 5 features that reduce acceleration?-Crumple zones
    -Seat belts
    -Air bags
    -Crash barriers
    -Escape lanes
  36. 36What do modern cars have that help absorb energy in a crash (4 things)?-Brakes that get hot
    -Crumple zones that change shape
    -Seat belts that stretch
    -Air bags that inflate and squash
  37. 37Why does seat belts stretching help absorb energy?Converts K.E into elastic energy
  38. 38What are the 3 reasons why drivers don't like wearing seatbelts?-Risk of chest injury
    -Could be trapped in fire
    -Could encourage driver to drive more carelessly as he/she knows they're protected by seatbelt
  39. 39What is the best way to gain safety information?By using crash tests with real vehicles and dummies
  40. 40What are ABS brakes?A primary safety feature which helps to prevent a crash
  41. 41How does the ABS system work?Wheel-speed sensors send information to a computer about the rotational speed of the wheels. The computer controls the pressure to the brakes to prevent the wheels locking up. This increases the braking force just before the wheels start to skid
  42. 42What are two other primary safety features?-Cruise control (stops a driver becoming tired and pressing harder on the accelerator)
    -Electric windows and paddle shift controls (allows driver to concentrate on road)
  43. 43What are the two things that affect the size of air resistance?Cross sectional area and speed
  44. 44When does air resistance only have effect?When it is large compared to the weight
  45. 45What is the journey of a parachutist like in terms of forces?1)Accelerates, displacing more air molecules a second. Air resistance increases, reducing his acceleration
    2)Weight and air resistance are equal = terminal speed
    3)Parachute opens and air resistance increases due to large surface area. Parachutist decelerates and air resistance decreases
    4)New lower terminal speed
  46. 46What are three qualities of the gravitational field strength?-Unaffected by atmospheric conditions
    -Varies with position on the Earth's surface
    -Varies with height above/below Earth's surface
  47. 47What does an object held above the ground have?Gravitational potential energy
  48. 48What are the 4 steps of a bouncing ball?1)Ball has GPE but no K.E
    2)Reached ground-has K.E but not GPE
    3)Ball squashes-has EPE-converted to K.E as it leaves ground
    4)At top of bounce has GPE
  49. 49What is the loss in GPE in a skydiver due to?The work against friction (air resistance)
  50. 50change in GPE =work done against friciton
  51. 51What do the riders at the top of a roller coaster ride have?GPE
  52. 52What happens when the roller coaster is released?Converts GPE into KE as it falls
  53. 53Loss in GPE=Gain in KE
  54. 54Why does each peak in a roller coaster have to be lower than the one before?Because some energy is transferred to heat and sound due to friction and air resistance
  55. 55GPE at top of roller coaster=KE at bottom + energy transferred due to friction
  56. 56If speed doubles what happens to KE?It quadruples
  57. 57If mass doubles, what happens to KE?It doubles too

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Description
GCSE Physics (P3) Flashcards on P3, created by Anna Hollywood on 02/12/2013.
Created by
Anna Hollywood
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Average rating 3.3 out of 5 (3 ratings)

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