Flashcards
Semantics
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1Truth ConditionsKnowing when a sentence is true vs. False
- 2Truth ValueFigured out based on its truth conditions
- 3IdiomsWhen compositionality goes awry. ‘The cats out of the bag’
- 4ReferentReal world object associated with an expression
- 5SenseConcepts that a word or phrase evokes (mental images)
- 6PredicatesThings that introduce a relationship (VPs, PPs, APs)
- 7EntailmentWhenever A is true, B must also be true. A entails B.
- 8Sentential SynonymyIf two sentences always have the same truth value under any given set of circumstances they are paraphrases of each other
- 9ContradictionTwo sentences contradict each other if they never have the same truth value under any given circumstances
- 10SynonymyDifferent words which have very similar meanings
- 11AntonymyWords opposite in meaning
- 12Binary/ComplementaryE.g. dead/alive. Pairs of antonyms that have the all-or-nothing property that to deny one member of the pair is equivalent to affirming the other.
- 13GradableE.g. Young/old. Antonyms that represent the opposite ends of a continuum.
- 14RelationalE.g. Buy/sell. Two words that have a subject in common.
- 15HomonymsWords of the same form but different unrelated meanings
- 16HomographySameness of spelling (club)
- 17HomophonySameness of pronunciation (right/write)
- 18PolysemyWhere a word has two or more related meanings
- 19HyponymyA word or phrase whose semantic field is included within that of another word.
- 20DenotationThe entities to which a word or phrase refers
- 21ConnotationThe set of associations that a words use can evoke
- 22AgentEntity that performs the action
- 23ExperiencerThe action is happening to them
- 24ThemeThe thing undergoing the verb
- 25SourceWhere something is coming from. Usually demonstrated by ‘from’
- 26GoalWhere something is going to. Usually demonstrated by ‘to’
- 27LocationWhere something is happening. Usually demonstrated by ‘at’
- 28InstrumentWhat is being used to perform the action. Usually demonstrated by ‘with’
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- Flashcards on Semantics, created by Megan Griffiths on 21/01/2016.
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- Megan Griffiths
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