Flashcards
Bacterial infections
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1What are the 3 ways in which a bacteria can enter the skin?1. Active penetration - enzymes
2. Passive penetration- wounds, hair follicles, sweat glands
3. Via arthropod vectors- blood sucking insects - 2How do bacteria enter at all mucous membranes?Break down the mucine that is present with mucinase (neurominidase) to allow the bacteria through the membrane
- 3How can the bacteria move across the mucous membrane?Motility/ chemotaxis - concentration gradients of nutrients
- 4What is required for DNA multiplication and entry into the mucous membrane?Iron-binding siderophores
- 5What do bacteria have to hold themselves in place once they have passed through the mucous membrane and saving the mucine taking them away?Adhesins:
1. Non-specific (hydrophilic/ hydrophobic)
2. Specific ( lipoteichoic acid/ capsular material/ fimbrial proteins) - 6What is produced at the respiratory tract mucous membrane to allow bacteria to cross it?Ciliostatic products- prevent cilia moving
Ciliotoxic products - kills cilia - 7What is produced in the urinary tract to allow bacteria to cross the mucous membrane? and why?Urease enzyme - to break down the urea present and prevent the urea killing the bacteria
- 8What is the enzyme produced for collagen in a tissue matrix?Collagenase
- 9What enzyme is produced against elastin in tissue matrix?Elastase
- 10What is the enzyme produced for hyaluronic acid in a tissue matrix?Hyaluronidase
- 11What is the enzyme produced for lecithin in cell membrane?Lecithinase
- 12What is the enzyme produced for DNA intracellular?DNase
- 13Is producing enzymes an effective way of entering a cell?Very metabolic/energy demanding and a lot of effort - not many do this
- 14What is the name of the bacterial infection that causes footrot? And how does it?Dichelobacter nodosus
Produces enzymes to digest hoof - survives in pasture as anaerobic - 15What is clostridial myonecrosis?Anaerobic bacterial that attack muscle groups causing necrosis and stopping blood flow. Breaking down the body from within
- 16How do "sneaky" bacteria enter the host cell?1. Adhesins attach to target cell
2. Stimulate endocytosis by host
3. Intracellular survival - no immune response by body as within host cell - 17What causes the ruffles that allow endocytosis of bacteria?Proteins release by the bacterium altering the actin cytoskeleton
- 18Give 7 ways that allows bacteria to be intracellular persistent.1. Evades the immune system
2. Nutrients provided by host
3. Protected replication
4. Persistence
5. Epithelial cells and macrophages are major targets
6. Entry by invasion (endocytosis) or phagocytosis
7. Endocytosis is more efficient than waiting to be phagocytosed - 19What is a common strategy to get into the host?Move through the epithelium
- 20Give 3 ways in which a bacterium can survive intracellularly.1. Bacterial enzyme (phospholipase) to escape endosome
2. Bacterial surface components inserted into endosome membrane to block lysosome fusion
3. Bacterial survival in endolysosome - 21How do bacteria invade deeper?Transcytosis
- 22What is the main way of preventing bacteria to enter host cells?Don't allow the bacteria anywhere near the epithelium due to circulating antibodies
- older or immuno-incompetent don't do this as well and so end up poorly - 23What are the most likely way of getting a systemic infection and why?Cut/ stab wounds rather than food borne due to the body not being able to respond to the mass influx of bacteria
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- BVSc 2. Agents of disease AD1 (Microbiology TC) Flashcards on Bacterial infections, created by Rachael Jones on 07/12/2016.
- Created by
- Rachael Jones · Dec 2016
- Updated
- Jan 8, 2017
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