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Flashcards

computing

Max Northcott Computing Year 10 English 36 cards

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Cards in this deck (36)

  1. 1Define algorithmA sequence of steps that can be followed to complete a task
  2. 2Difference between computer program and algorithmA computer program is an algorithm, but an algorithm isn't always a computer program
  3. 3Define decompostionBreaking down problems into sub-problems that are easier to solve
  4. 4Define abstractionProcess of removing unnecessary detail from a problem
  5. 5Flow chart symbolsFlow chart symbols
  6. 6Common Pseudo Code LanguageINPUT – indicates a user will be inputting something
    OUTPUT – indicates that an output will appear on the screen
    WHILE – a loop (iteration that has a condition at the beginning)
    FOR – a counting loop (iteration)
    REPEAT – UNTIL – a loop (iteration) that has a condition at the end
    IF – THEN – ELSE – a decision (selection) in which a choice is made
    any instructions that occur inside a selection or iteration are usually indented
  7. 7Efficiency of algorithmsMore than one algorithm can be used to solver a problem, and some are more efficient than others
  8. 8How do linear searches work and how are they used?Examining each entry in turn in the data structure or file until the item is found or the end of the file is reached. Used when there is small number of entries. Slow, but can be used for data in any order
  9. 9How do binary searches work and how are they used?Get halfway in the data, and see if it's higher or lower. Repeat until found. Used for large numbers of data. Fast, but data has to be in order
  10. 10How do bubble sorts work and how are they used?An algorithm that compares 2 consecutive points of data and swaps if needs be. Repeated until fully sorted. Slowest, but simpler to learn and code.
  11. 11How do merge sorts work and how are they used?An algorithm that repeatedly divides the list into smaller sections, then merges them back into each other in order. Fastest, but much more complex
  12. 12Define data typeIs the piece of data in a program/code e.g. string, integer etc.
  13. 13Define each data typeInteger - a full number 1, 3
    Real/float - a number with decimals 2.45
    Boolean - True or False
    Character - a letter or other - g, {
    String - a combination of different characters and numbers - "one 1, cow"
  14. 14What base is decimal in?Base 10
  15. 15What base is binary in?Base 2
  16. 16What base is hex in?Base 16
  17. 17Why do computers use binary to process information?Because the transistors can either be on or off
  18. 18Why are hexadecimals used in computing?Because it is easy to convert binary to hex
  19. 19How to convert from binary to decimal and decimal to binaryHow to convert from binary to decimal and decimal to binary
  20. 20How to convert from binary to hex and hex to binaryHow to convert from binary to hex and hex to binary
  21. 21How to convert from decimal to hex and hex to decimalHow to convert from decimal to hex and hex to decimal
  22. 22How many bits make up a byte?8
  23. 23What does kilo, mega, giga and tera starters mean?• kilo, 1 kB is 1,000 bytes
    • mega, 1 MB is 1,000 kilobytes
    • giga, 1 GB is 1,000 Megabytes
    • tera, 1 TB is 1,000 Gigabytes.
  24. 24How to add binary numbersHow to add binary numbers
  25. 25What is ASCII and how is it used?The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is used for character encoding. It only was 7 bits and thus could only store 128 different characters, but was later upgraded to 8 bit.
  26. 26What is Unicode?Unicode is a character encoding method that is 32 bit and is able to keep increasing. It has over 4 billion possible combinations and is used for every modern language. It is the same as ASCII up to 127
  27. 27What does pixel stand for?Picture Element
  28. 28How do you find the file size for an image?Width x Height x Colour Depth (bits)
    /8 (bytes)
  29. 29What is colour depth?How many bits used for each pixel
  30. 30How do you represent sound in computing?Sample rate and sample resolution, each sample stored as bits
  31. 31What is sample rate?The number of samples taken in a second and is usually measured in Hertz
  32. 32What is sample resolution?Number of bits used for each sample
  33. 33How do you calculate the file size of a sound file?Sample rate x Sample Resolution x Number of Seconds x Number of Channels
  34. 34What is data compression?Making a file size smaller using different techniques
  35. 35What is Huffman Encoding?Making the more commonly used letters use less bitsWhat is Huffman Encoding?
  36. 36What is RLE?Run Length Encoding changes data from ggggghhhfff222 to 5g3h3f32

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Year 10 Computing Flashcards on computing, created by Max Northcott on 07/03/2017.
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Max Northcott
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