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- 1Peterson and Peterson Facts-Investigated Duration of STM using Brow- Peterson technique
-Lab Experiment
-P's Briefly shown Trigrams (3,6,9,12,15 or 18)
-they were then given interference task (prevented rehearsal)
- 3s = 80% 6s = 40% 18s = 10%
- supports trace decay theory
-low ecological validity, lacks external validity
- not representative of everyday life
-was highly controlled(lab experiment)
- - 2Simon Facts-Investigated capacity of STM
-Lab Experiment
-Tested millers chunking theory (7+-2)
-Participants presented with lists of either one word, two word or eight word chunks
1 word = 7 chunks
2 word = 4 chunks
8 words = 3 chunks
-lab experiment so artificial, lacks external validity
-well controlled experiment
-results are reliable because it was repeated
- - 3Conrad facts-Participants were shown lists of 6 printed letters for 0.75 seconds and asked to write down as many as they could remember
-Presentation was too fast for participants
-made mistakes as a result of mixing up the sounds
-experiment is artificial. It was done under controlled conditions
-This is a well-controlled experiment in which the independent variable is under the control of the experimenter - 4Bahrick Facts-392 ex-high school students of various ages.
-asked to free recall the names of any of their classmates
-Only one type of long-term memory was being investigated
- Bahrick’s research has high external validity. - 5Baddely Facts-investigate the main form of encoding in LTM
-semantically similar and dissimilar words and errors in the recall of acoustically similar and dissimilar words
-This experiment lacks external validity as it doesn’t resemble the way that memory is used in every day life.
-There is good control over the independent variable - 6Strengths of the Multistore memory modelSerial position effect-(murdock)
-supports the idea of different memory stores and the role of rehersal.
-When people are given a list of words, first words are remembered better as moved into ltm
Supports brain damaged patients
-Clive Wearing- suffered brain damage from a virus
-he cannot lay down new LTM's but can hold a conversation and has working stm
-supports that STM and LTM are seperate - 7Multistore memory model weaknesses-Puts to much emphasis on rehearsal and ignores incidental learning(things learnt without rehearsal)
-Clive wearing suggests that some LTM store is more complicated than than just one Unitary store, he has some memories in tact.(could play piano but could not remember his college)
-suggests info must flow through STM to reach LTM. The case of KF does not support this, KF's STM was severely impaired but his LTM was unaffected. Therefore info can pass directly into LTM. - 8Strengths of Working Memory Model-effectively explains our ability to carry out dual tasks.
-It predicts it is harder to do 2 things at once if they are both verbal or visual.
-This is supported by Baddely. All P's were given an individual task. Then given a visual task.
-Supported by Cohen et al.(Brain scans)
-They put P's in a brain scanner and where then asked to carry out 2 different tasks. It showed tasks using diff parts of the WMM use diff parts of the brain. - 9Weaknesses of the WMM-The central executive is a very important part of the model,model does not give enough info on how it allocates resources. Some psychologists feel it is too vague to suggest it is 'attention', therefore does not explain role adequately.
-It suggests one central executive but evidence supports for several components.
-Main component is the bit we know the least about. It has limited capacity but it has not been proved.
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by georgeware9 on 11/05/2014.
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