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Flashcards

The effects of technological changes on society

I Turner Product Design: Graphic Products A level English 59 cards

The effects of technological changes on society

Cards in this deck (59)

  1. 1What marked the beginning of the industrial Revolution and when was it?Invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1765What marked the beginning of the industrial Revolution and when was it?
  2. 2What profession came into being as a result of the Industrial Revolution?The professional designer
  3. 3What occurred in towns and cities during the Industrial Revolution?Population explosionWhat occurred in towns and cities during the Industrial Revolution?
  4. 4How did crafted products change?From expensive and time consuming work to relatively inexpensive machine workHow did crafted products change?
  5. 5How did production change for ordinary working people?The could now afford products previously exclusively available to the richHow did production change for ordinary working people?
  6. 6What kind of culture is mass-consumerism often known as?Throw away cultureWhat kind of culture is mass-consumerism often known as?
  7. 7How has the throw-away culture grown?People's wants are satisfied by continuous productionHow has the throw-away culture grown?
  8. 8When did mass consumerism as we know it develop?1930s
  9. 9How did living conditions effect production?Standard of living improved
    Innovative new products for the home, especially electricals
    Demand for new products increased    How did living conditions effect production?
  10. 10Which industries became an important tool in selling products?Advertising, marketing, packing and stylingWhich industries became an important tool in selling products?
  11. 11Which design movements were important at this time and why?Art Deco - luxury
    Streamlining - aesthetics in marketing    Which design movements were important at this time and why?
  12. 12How did things change after WW2?A period of hardship as countries struggled to recoverHow did things change after WW2?
  13. 13What happened in the 1950's, where did it start and where did it go?A consumer society, stemming from America from the birth of the teenager
    Spread to Europe    What happened in the 1950's, where did it start and where did it go?What happened in the 1950's, where did it start and where did it go?
  14. 14What has made children a target as new consumers?TV and computers in children's roomsWhat has made children a target as new consumers?What has made children a target as new consumers?
  15. 15What does Sue Palmer's 'Detoxing Childhood' outline?Key marketing strategies used to target children as new consumersWhat does Sue Palmer's 'Detoxing Childhood' outline?
  16. 16What are the key marketing strategies outlined by Palmer? (hint: there are 3)-Growing older younger
    -Gotta catch em' all
    -The culture of cool
  17. 17What does Palmer mean by 'Kids are growing older younger'?Exploits children's yearning to play 'grown ups'
    e.g. mini supermarkets or briefcases    What does Palmer mean by 'Kids are growing older younger'?
  18. 18What does Palmer mean by 'Gotta catch em' all'?Plays on a child's natural urge to collect things, new sets released
    (so you never really catch em' all...)    What does Palmer mean by 'Gotta catch em' all'?
  19. 19What does Palmer mean by 'The culture of cool'?Plays on a child's need to be accepted by wearing the right brandsWhat does Palmer mean by 'The culture of cool'?
  20. 20What potential issues are there with targeting children as new consumers?-What message does it give to children as they grow up?
    -What are the pressures on children?
    -What are the pressures on parents?    What potential issues are there with targeting children as new consumers?
  21. 21What is built in obsolescence?Designing products that wear out or become outmoded after limited useWhat is built in obsolescence?
  22. 22What are the four forms of built in obsolescence?Technological
    Postponed
    Physical
    Style    What are the four forms of built in obsolescence?
  23. 23What is technological built-in obsolescence?Companies forced to introduce new products with increased technological features almost immediately to stay ahead of competitionWhat is technological built-in obsolescence?
  24. 24What is postponed built-in obsolescence?Companies launch a new product even though they have the technology to release a better product at the timeWhat is postponed built-in obsolescence?
  25. 25What is physical built-in obsolescence?The design of a product determines its lifespanWhat is physical built-in obsolescence?
  26. 26What is style built-in obsolescence?Changes in fashion trends make existing products seem out of date, forcing the consumer to replace them with more fashionable goodsWhat is style built-in obsolescence?
  27. 27How did the advent of mass production effect employment?The craftsperson has been replaced by low-skilled workers in highly mechanised factoriesHow did the advent of mass production effect employment?
  28. 28How were low skilled workers be exploited in the industrial revolution?Low wages
    Sweatshops
    Poverty
    Pollution    How were low skilled workers be exploited in the industrial revolution?
  29. 29Which two categories can factory workers be divided into?High-skilled technical roles
    Low-skilled manual roles
  30. 30What are high-skilled technical roles?Setting up and maintaining machinery. Higher pay for these workersWhat are high-skilled technical roles?
  31. 31What are low-skilled manual roles?Specialised repetitive tasks on production lines.
    Poor job satisfaction and lower pay    What are low-skilled manual roles?
  32. 32What advantages have computers brought to the development and manufacture of products?-Quick turnaround jobs
    -Printers with fast delivery times
    -Reduced development times and costs
  33. 33How can CTP produce on-demand printing?Computer-to-plate (CTP) technology allows design data to be transferred onto the plate directly from a laser engraver that forms the plateHow can CTP produce on-demand printing?
  34. 34What are the advantages of digital printing?-No printing plates needed
    -Saves time and costs    What are the advantages of digital printing?
  35. 35What happens in post-press and what is its advantage?Printed materials can be die cut, folded, glue or bound using automated machinery
    Efficient workflow    What happens in post-press and what is its advantage?
  36. 36What three key developments have allowed miniaturisation of products and components?1-Advanced integrated circuits (ICs)
    2-Advanced battery technology
    3-Advanced liquid crystal displays (LCDs)    What three key developments have allowed miniaturisation of products and components?
  37. 37What do Advanced integrated circuits allow?Allow more circuitry to be included on each microchipWhat do Advanced integrated circuits allow?
  38. 38What does Advanced battery technology allow?Rechargeable batteries, storing a lot of energy in smaller, thinner and lightweight cellsWhat does Advanced battery technology allow?
  39. 39What do Advanced liquid crystal displays enable?Colour screens that are thinner and brighter, requiting much smaller currentWhat do Advanced liquid crystal displays enable?
  40. 40What features have allowed mobiles to become 'more than just a phone'?Bluetooth, internet, cameras, games, MP3, music...etc.What features have allowed mobiles to become 'more than just a phone'?
  41. 41Name an application of smart glassChanges light transmission properties of windows when voltage is appliedName an application of smart glass
  42. 42What are the advantages of smart glass?-Controls heat passing through, saving energy costs
    -Shade from harmful UV rays
    -Provides privacy    What are the advantages of smart glass?
  43. 43What are the disadvantages of smart glass?-Expensive to install
    -Constant supply of electricity required
    -Degree of transparency    What are the disadvantages of smart glass?
  44. 44Name an application of shape memory alloys (SMA)Spectacle frames - crystal structure regains/remembers original shape is deformedName an application of shape memory alloys (SMA)
  45. 45What are the advantages of shape memory alloys?-Extremely flexible, so no deforming
    -Lightweight and durable
    -Immediately recovers original shape    What are the advantages of shape memory alloys?
  46. 46What are the disadvantages of shape memory alloys?-Not unbreakable
    -More expensive than similar polymer frames    What are the disadvantages of shape memory alloys?
  47. 47Name an application of thermochromic pigments'Chameleon' kettles which change colour when boiling and return to original colour when cooledName an application of thermochromic pigments
  48. 48What are the advantages of thermochromic pigments?-Immediate visual indication of temperature
    -Safety feature
    -Aesthetic 'novelty' appeal    What are the advantages of thermochromic pigments?
  49. 49What are the disadvantages of thermochromic pigments?-Limited colour range
    -Not possible to engineer accurate temperature settings to colour changes    What are the disadvantages of thermochromic pigments?
  50. 50Name an application of smart fluid/ oils/ greaseUsed in cars suspension system to dampen the ride, depending on road conditionsName an application of smart fluid/ oils/ grease
  51. 51What are the advantages of smart fluid/ oils/ grease?-Improves handling and road-holding as it adapts to road
    -Better and faster control    What are the advantages of smart fluid/ oils/ grease?
  52. 52What are the disadvantages of smart fluid/ oils/ grease?-More expensive than traditional systemsWhat are the disadvantages of smart fluid/ oils/ grease?
  53. 53How can companies use offshore manufacturing as a strategic tool?-Individual expertise
    -Designing for particular culture
    -Focused market research to discover needs    How can companies use offshore manufacturing as a strategic tool?How can companies use offshore manufacturing as a strategic tool?
  54. 54What are the driving forces of offshore manufacturing?Digitisation
    The Internet
    High speed data networks    What are the driving forces of offshore manufacturing?
  55. 55Why do multinationals manufacture offshore or outsource?It costs them lessWhy do multinationals manufacture offshore or outsource?
  56. 56What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?-Economic regeneration of local area
    -Improvement of living standards
    -Chance of of career development
    -Physical regeneration of local area
    -Enables transfer of technology impossible otherwise    What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?
  57. 57What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?-Destruction of local environment to build factories
    -Lower wages than in developed countries
    -Promotion restriction
    -No unions or equal rights protection
    -Lower safety standards
    -Local community dependent on multinationals    What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developing countries?
  58. 58What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?-Don't have to pay wages as high
    -Internet...etc. means managerial roles can stay in developed countries
    -Don't have to spend as much on safety due to lower standards    What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?What are the advantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?
  59. 59What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?-Is it ethical? Customers boycotting the product
    -Removal of manual jobs in developed countries
    -Devaluing traditional craft
    -Can be communication errors or failed connection in communication    What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?What are the disadvantages of global manufacturing for developed countries?

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Covers 'The effects of technological changes on society' from Edexcel A2 Product Design: Graphic Products
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I Turner
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