1494119
Description
Flashcards by mereana.matairan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mereana.matairan
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why was Curare found to be useful by anesthetists? | Because the drug acts as a muscle relaxant. It prevents muscle contraction. So long as the patient is ventilated throughout, they will be relaxed and easy to operate on during surgery. |
| Acetlycholine is a nicotinic ______? | Agonist. |
| Curare in various forms is a nicotinic _____? | Antagonist. It is a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent at nicotinic receptor sites. |
| Define Pharmacology: | The study of the interaction between exogenous chemicals (xenobiotics) and living organisms. |
| How might an organism affect a xenobiotic? | Through transport, distribution and metabolism of the xenobiotic. |
| How might a xenobiotic affect an organism? | By molecular targets, mode of action and toxicology within the organism. |
| Define drug: | A chemical taken that is intended to modulate the current physiological status quo. |
| Define ligand: | A compound that binds to another molecule, e.g. a receptor for a protein. |
| What is Bioavailability? | The amount or proportion of a drug that becomes available to the body following its administration. |
| What is Pharmacokinetics? | What the body does to a drug. |
| What is Pharmacodynamics? | What a drug does to the body. |
| The first written knowledge of materials that could relieve pain/alter moods/perception etc. date back to when and where? | Approx. 2700 B.C. in China. Pen Tsao - described uses and classifications of medicinal plants. |
| In 1550 B.C. written prescriptions and similar medical advances were present in: | Ancient Egypt, Babylonia and India. (400-300 B.C. the Greeks made huge pharmacological advances.) |
| What was the Doctrine of Signatures? | Assumption that herbs that resembled parts of the body could be used to treat ailments there. |
| What does mandrake root contain that gives it anti-cholinergic properties? | Atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine. Acts as a hallucinogen and hyponotic. |
| Why might the plant datura also have these effects? | Flowers and fruit contain anti-cholinergics also; atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine. |
| What important pharmacological advances arose in the 19th century? | Knowledge to provide pure compounds and allow careful monitoring of their physiological effects. |
| What drug does the opium poppy provide? | Morphine for analgesia. |
| What drug did the mandrake root provide? | Scopolamine for sedation and anaesthesia. |
| What drug did the coca leaf provide? | Cocaine for local anaesthesia. |
| Salicin (isolated from willow) led to the development of what drug? | Acetylsalicyclic acid/aspirin. Related compound with less side effects. |
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