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Flashcards

USA

Emily H Geography - English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1ACGlobal migration creates opportunities and challenges which reflect the unequal power relations between countries
    Influences and drives change in global migration system
  2. 2No of immigrants in USA41.3 million 2013
    13% population
    37 million 2018
  3. 3Rapid growth immigrants 21st century (but rate of increase slowing)Positive immigration policy (possibility of green card = permanent residency)
    Employment opportunities
    Wage differentials + remittances
    Education
    Family reunification
    Refugee admission
  4. 4Main countries of originMexico 28%
    India 5%
    China 5%
  5. 5US citizens living abroadEstimated 9 million
    Highly skilled workers
    Return migration with child born in USA
  6. 6Body governing current migration policyImmigration and Neutralisation act
  7. 7Annual worldwide limit of permanent immigrants in USA675,000
  8. 8*US immigration policy*Based on:
  9. 9Reunification of families480,000 visas a year
  10. 10Migrants with skills valuable to USA economy140,000 highly skilled
    Normally sponsored by employer for job offer
  11. 11Protecting refugeesDecided each year
    2013 ceiling 70,000
  12. 12Promoting diversityDiversity immigrant visa program
    50,000
    Countries with low rates of immigration
  13. 13Humanitarian reliefTemporary visas
    Temporary protected status (TPS)
    Deferred enforced departure (DED) against deportation back to unstable countries
  14. 14LPRLawful permanent residency
    Citizenship - green card for 5 years
  15. 15*Interdependence world’s largest bilateral migrant corridor between USA and Mexico**
  16. 16Each has largest diaspora in the other - growing social and cultural connectivity2013
    11.5 Mexicans in USA
    1 million Americans in Mexico
  17. 17Low-skilled Mexicans (many illegal) contribute to US economy - agriculture, construction Wages higher than in Mexico x opportunity for remittances2013 US$22 billion
    2% Mexico GDP
  18. 18Bilateral trade grown since formation of NAFTA (North American free trade agreement) Mexican industry benefitted e.g. IT sectors developed FDI from USAReciprocal merchandise trade US$1.4 billion per day
  19. 19Political power relations remain imbalanced Increasing coordination over issues in common - border security, drug trade, human trafficking and environmental issuesJoint management colorado river basin and ecology of Sonoran desert
  20. 20Most immigrants Hispanic origin Pattern changing - deceleration of Mexican influx, tightening border control, return migration and growth of Asian migrantsMore from both China and India than Mexico 2013
  21. 21*Opportunities**
  22. 22Immigrant pop take may low paid jobs unattractive to natives Contributes GDP and economic growth Fills labour shortagesService 31%
    Construction + manufacturing 25%
  23. 23Immigration policy aims to attract highly skilled and well-qualified professionals Main employment of immigrants from China and India was in business and science-
  24. 24Most young, of working age - contribute to tax base - USA birth rate declined and ageing population-
  25. 25Immigrants are consumers - leads to job creation, business start-ups and generates wealth (multiplier effect)-
  26. 26*Challenges**
  27. 27Illegal immigrantsEstimate 11.5 million (6 million Mexican)
  28. 28Uneven progress of integration of immigrant groups into US society (size, diversity, language, social-economic attainment, political participation, residential location, social interaction) Unauthorised populations barrier to economic and political cohesionE.g. some Mexicans can’t speak fluent English
    Often live closed communities - tension and segregation, possibly crime and violence (drugs + often poor education)
  29. 29Strain on resources and services where immigrant population concentrated and largeLarge demand for water Southern California
  30. 30Rising unemployment so Americans forced to take low-paying menial jobs and feel their jobs are being taken by migrants-
  31. 31Return migration- loss of skilled workers e.g. health workers-
  32. 32Trump border rowToughened rule on migrant crossing from Mexico
    Illegal immigrants referred for prosecution instead of deportation
    Split up thousands of families
  33. 33Coping with refugees and asylum seekersLimited number
    45,000 2018
    1% of 5 million Syrian refugees in USA and Canada
    Only 11 2018

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- Geography (Migration ) Flashcards on USA, created by Emily H on 21/10/2018.
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Emily H
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