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SOSC

Sophia Larkin-Boyer English 133 cards

Cards in this deck (133)

  1. 1WHAT IS PEDOLOGYTHE STUDY OF SOILS IN THEIR NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
  2. 2WHAT IS SOILBOILOGIALLY ACTIVE, STRUCTURED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIAL WHOCH FORMS A 3-D CONTINUIM AS PAST OF THE WEATHERED MANTLE OF EARTH
  3. 33 FUNDAMENTAL THINGS THAT MAKE EARTH HABITABLEATMOSPHERE, WATER AND SOIL
  4. 4HOW IS SOIL CHARACTERISED BY WHATBY EVIDENCE OF HORIZONS DISTINGUISHABLE FROM THE PARENT MATERIAL AS A RESULT OF ADDITIONS, LOESS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND TRANSLOCATIONS OF ENERGY AND MATTER
  5. 5HOW MANY CM DOWN IS TOPN SOIL20CM
  6. 6POSSIBLE SOIL HORIZONS IN ORDERO OR L,F,H THEN A THEN E, THEN B THEN C OR R
  7. 7SOIL COMPOSTION 3 PHASESGAS, SOILDS LIQUIDS
  8. 8WHAT IS A ROCKNATURALLY OCCURRING AGGREGATE OF MINERAL AND/OR MINERALOIDS
  9. 9WHAT IS A MINERALNATURALLY OCCURRING INORGANIC COMPOUND WITH A CHARACTERISTIC CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND A SYSTEMATIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE
  10. 10WHAT IS A MINERALOIDNATURALLY OCCURRING INORGANIC COMPOUND LACKING A SYSTEMATIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE
  11. 11MOST ABUNDANT MINERALS IN SOILS AND EARTHS CRUST ARE?SILICON AND OXYGEN
  12. 12WHAT IS A SILICA TETRAHEDRON?ONE SILICON ATOM SURROUNDED BY 4 OXYGEN ATOMS
  13. 13MINERALS IN FELSIC ROCKSQUARTZ AND AMPHIBOLES
  14. 14MINERALS IN INTERMEDIATE ROCKSFELDSPARS AND PYROXENE
  15. 15MINERALS IN MAFIC ROCKSOLIVINE
  16. 16FELDSPARSROCK FORMING MINERALS THAT CRYSTALLISE FROM MAGMA AS VEINS IN EXTRUSIVE AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS
  17. 17WHAT IS ORGANIC MATTER IMPORTANT FOR? (5)SUPPLYING PLANT NUTRIENTS, STABILISING SOIL STRUCTURE, IMPROVING SOIL WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, SUPPORT SOIL BIOTA, FILTERING AND BUFFERING CAPACITY
  18. 18IGNEOUS ROCKSFROMED BY THE SOLIDIFICATION OF MOLTEN SILICATE MATERIAL TO FORM AN AGGREGATE OF MAINLY SILICATE MINERALS, FORMS EXTRUSIVE AND EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
  19. 19EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCS MAY BE ERRUPTED IN 3 VARIOUS FORMSIGNIMBRITE, AIRFALL, TEPHRA AND LAVA
  20. 20WHAT IS AN AGGREGATE?SMALL GRAVEL AMD SEDIMENT PARTICLES
  21. 21DIFFERENCES OF PED AND CLODPED IS A NATURAL AGGREGATE OF SOIL FROMED NATURALLY AND CLOD IS ARTIFICIALLY FORMED AGGREGATE VIA CULTIVATION OR FROST
  22. 22Ah VS ApAh- NO SIGNS OF CULTIVATION
    Ap- SIGNS OF CULTIVATION
  23. 23WHAT ARE THE 2 BONDING AGENTSORGANIC MATTER AND Fe AND Al OXIDES
  24. 24WHAT IS INFILTRATIONHOW WATER ENTERS THE SOIL
  25. 25WHAT IS HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITYHOW SOIL MOVES WITHIN THE SOIL
  26. 26WHAT IS SOIL WATER CONTENTSOILS ABILITY TO HOLD THE WATER. VOLUME OF WATER OVER VOLUME OF SOIL
  27. 27WHAT IS SOIL WATER POTENTIALWATER MOVING FROM HIHER TO LOWER POTENTIAL THROUGH THE 4 FORCES, GRAVITY, OSMOSIS, PRESSURE AND SUCTION
  28. 28DISPERSIONSOIL CLAY PARTICLES CAN BE UNATTACHED
  29. 29FLOCCULATIONSOIL CLAY PARTICLES ARE CLUMPED TOGETHER
  30. 30NORMAL SOIL CATIONSCATIONS HAVE A 2PLS CHARGE
  31. 31SODIC SOIL CATIONSREPLACE SOME CATIONS WITH SODIUM
  32. 32SEDIMENTARY ROCKCONTAINS MATERIAL THAT HAS ALREADY UNDERGONE AT LEAST ONE CYCLE OF WEATHERING BROKEN INTO CLASTIC AND NON CLASTIC
  33. 33CLASTIC ROCKAGGREGATES OF ROCK AND MINERAL FRAGMENTS. ORIGINATES FROM THE BREAKDOWN OF OTHER ROCKS EG SILTSTONE, GREYWACKE, SANDSTONE
  34. 34NON-CLASTIC ROCKFORMED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL REMAINS OR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION EG LIMESTONE (CaCO3), DOLOMITE (MgCO3)
  35. 35METAMORPHIC ROCKFORMED BY EXTREME ACTION, HEAT AND PRESSURE OF PRE EXISITING IGNEOUS OR SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, USUALLY HAVE A BANDED APPEARANCE EG MARBLE
  36. 36INTRUSIVE ROCKSFORMED WITHIN THE CRUST, SLOW COOLING, COURSE TEXTURE, LAYERS OF WELL FORMED CRYSTAL EG. GRANITE AND GABBRO
  37. 37EXTRUSIVE ROCKSFORMD ABOVE THE CRUST, COOLING PROCESS IS FAST, SMALLER CRYSTALS, SMOOTHER TEXTURE THAN INTRUSIVE ROCKS
  38. 38MAFIC MINERALSMg, Fe, Ca, P
  39. 39FELSIC MINERALSNa, K, Si, Mo
  40. 40PHYSICAL WEATHERING PROCESSES (5)PRESSURE REALEASE, FREEZE-THAW, SALT CYSTAL GROTH, ROOT GROWTH, PHYSICAL ABRASION
  41. 41CHEMICAL WEATHERING PROCESSSESHYDROLOSIS, OXIDUCTION/REDUCTION
  42. 42ALLUVIUMRIVER
  43. 43COLLUVIUMHILLSIDE SLOPE
  44. 44TILLGLACIER
  45. 45AEOLIANWIND
  46. 46PYRODASTICGRAVITY, WIND, TEPHRA
  47. 47SOIL COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR pH BUFFERING IN SOILSORGANIC MATTER AND CLAY CONTENT
  48. 48WHAT MACRONUTRIENT IS LIKELY TO BE DEFICIENT AT BOTH LOW AND HIGH pHPHOSPHORUS
  49. 49EQUATION FOR SOIL WATER BUDGETX = P + I - R - ET - D
  50. 50WHY IS ULTIC SOIL LOW FERTILITYBECAUSE ITS AN OLD SOIL WITH AN E HORIZON THATS BEEN HIGHLY WEATHERED ADN LEACHED
  51. 51WHICH ROCK TYPE IS MOST LIKELY TO DEVELOP INTO A GRANULAR SOILANDESITE
  52. 52SOIL PORE SYSTEM 3 TYPESTRANSMISSION, STORAGE AND RESIDUAL
  53. 53FORMULA FOR CALCULATING AWCFC-PWP
  54. 54FORMULA TO CONVERT VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT TO MM OF WATERTOTAL VOLUME (CM3CM-3) x SOIL DEPTH (MM)
  55. 55TRANSMISSION PORESTRANSPORT WATER/AIR
  56. 56STROAGE PORESSTORE WATER AND DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS
  57. 57DEFINE SATURATION POINTPORES ARE ALL FULL. WHEN TOTAL VOLUME IS AT SATURATION ITS EQUAL TO TOTAL POROSITY OF SOIL
  58. 58WHICH 2 ROCK TYPES ARE MOST LIKELY TO DEVELOP INTO A MEALNIC SOILBASALT AND LIMESTONE
  59. 59INPUT OUTPUT MODELINPUTS (PARENT MATERIAL)
    SOIL (ORGANIC MATTER AND CLAY)
    OUTPUTS (CLIMATE, TIME, ORGANISMS)
  60. 60WHY COULD SOIL HAVE A MODERATELY HIGH SOIL pH BUFFER CAPACITY?MEDIUM ORGANIC MATTER AND HIGH CLAY CONTENT
  61. 61WHAT CATION IS POSSIBLE PRESENT ON THE EXCHANGE SURFACE IN LARG AMOUNTSNa+ BECAUSE IT DISPERSES PARTICLES
  62. 62COMPONENTS FOR STABLISING SOIL STRUCTURECLAY, OM, Al AND Fe OXIDES AND Ca2+ FLOCCULATION
  63. 632 EFFECTS OF RAINDROP IMAPCT ON THE SURFACE OF A BARE UNSTABLE SOILAGGREGATE WILL COLLAPSE, SURFACE CAPPING, EROSION
  64. 64LIST 3 METHODS OF REDUCING WIND EROSIONCULTIVATE AT THE RIGHT TIME, AVOID OVER GRAZING, GOOD PLANT MANAGEMENT
  65. 65SMOOTH SILKY FEEL SOIL TEXTURESILT LOAM
  66. 66MAFIC EXTRUSIVE ROCKBASALT
  67. 67MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKGABBRO
  68. 68FELSIC EXTRUSIVE ROCKRHYOLITE
  69. 69FELSIC INTRUSOVE ROCKGRANITE
  70. 70BULK DENSITY EQUATIONSOIL MASS OVER TOTAL VOLUME (CM3)
  71. 71POROSITY EQUAITONVOLUME OF PORES OVER TOTAL VOLUME
  72. 72CLAY SIZE0.002MM
  73. 73SILT SIZE0.06MM
  74. 74FINE SAND SIZE0.2MM
  75. 75COURSE SAND SIZE2.0MM
  76. 76SAND TEXTUREGRITTY
  77. 77LOAMY SAND TEXTUREGRITTY
  78. 78SANDY LOAM TEXTURESLIGHT GRITTINESS
  79. 79SILT LOAM TEXTURESMOOTH SOAPY FEEL, NO GRIT
  80. 80CLAY LOAM TEXTUREVERY SMOOTH SLIGHTLY STICKY
  81. 81CLAY TEXUREVERY SMOOTH, VERY STICKY
  82. 82BASE SATURATION EQUATIONTEB OVER CEC x 100
  83. 83HOW TO WORK OUT CECALL ELEMENTS PLUSED TOGTHER
  84. 84HOW TO WORK OUT TEBCa + Mg + K + Na
  85. 85PARTICLE DENSITY EQUATIONSOIL MASS OVER SOIL VOLUME
  86. 86SILT TEXTUREFLOURY OR SOAPY
  87. 87SOIL WATER STORAGEHOW MUCH WATER CAN BE STORED WITHIN THE SOIL
  88. 883 SOIL WATER CONCEPTSINFILTRATION, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, SOIL WATER STORAGE
  89. 89GRAVITYPULLS WATER DOWN
  90. 90SUCTIONPULLS H20 FROM WETTER TO DRIER SOIL
  91. 91OSMOSISPULLS WATER TO HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS EG. FROM SOIL PORES INTO ROOT CELLS
  92. 92PRESSUREHYDORSTATIC PRESSURE
  93. 933 TYPES OF SOIL WATERGRAVITATIONAL, COHESION, ADHESION
  94. 94SOIL WATER- GRAVITATIONALAT SATURATION WILL DRAIN FROM LARGER PORES WITHIN 24-48 HRS IN WELL DRAINED SOILS
  95. 95SOIL WATER-COHESIONHELD BETWEEN GRAVITATIONAL AND ADHESION WATER BY CAPILLARY FORCES, CAN BE ABSORBED BY PLANTS
  96. 96SOIL WATER-ADHESIONHELD TIGHTLY BY SOIL PARTICLES BY ABSORPTION
  97. 97WHAT HOLDS WATER IN SOIL? (THINK LAB EXPERIMENT WITH ASIAN GIRLS)CAPILLARY ACTION AND ABSORPTION
  98. 98STRESS POINTOCCURS WHEN A SOIL DRIES TO A WATER CONTENT WHERE PLANT POTENTIAL GROWTH AND YIELD START TO BE REDUCED
  99. 99WHAT CAUSES STRESS (4)NOT ENOUGH NUTRIENTS
    SOIL TEMPERATURE
    INCOMING SOIL RADIATION
    SOIL CAN NO LONGER SUPPLY WATER FAST ENOUGH TO ROOTS
  100. 100EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS (3)PLANTS LOOSE RIGIDITY OF CELLS
    REDUCED CO2 UPTAKE
    REDUCED DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND YIELD
  101. 101PENALTIES OF MISMANAGED IRRIGATION-AGRONOMIC (2)-LOST YIELD
    -IMBALANCE OF VEGATIVE V REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH
  102. 102EXCESS IRRIGATION CAN CAUSE WHAT (3)GROUNDWATER DEPLETION
    LEACHING/WATER POLLUTION
    RISING WATER TABLES
  103. 103CHARACTERISTICS OF SAND (1)NO COHESION BETWEEN PARTICLES
  104. 104SANDY SOILS DESCRIPTIONS (3)FREE DRAINING, HAVE POOR RETENTION FOR PLANTS, VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO EROSION BY WATER AND WIND
  105. 105CHARACTERISTICS OF SILT (3)MEDIUM SIZED PORES, WEAK COHESION BETWEEN PARTICLES, HIGH WATER HOLDING CAPACITY AND WATER AVAILABILITY
  106. 106SILTY SOILS DESCRIPTION (4)MAY BE POORLY DRAINED
    EXCELLENT WATER RETENTION FOR PLANTS
    MAY PACK INTO HIGH DENSITIES EG FRANGIPAN
    VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO EROSION
  107. 107CLAY CHARACTERISTICS (3)MAY BE POORLY DRAINED
    STRONG WATER RETENTION
    SWEEL WHEN WET, SHRINK WHEN DRY
  108. 108FIELD CAPACITYWATER CONTENT OF A LAYER OR HORIZON AFTER 2 DAYS OF DRAINAGE FROM SATURATION
  109. 109HOW TO MEASURE WATER CONTENT (4)DIALECTIC PROPERTY
    ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
    HEAT CAPACITY
    HYDRGEN CONTENT
  110. 110PREFERENTIAL FLOWRAPID MOVEMENT OF WATER IN THE LARGER PORES OF UNDISTURBED SOILS
  111. 111HOW TO DEAL WITH PREFERENTIAL FLOW (4)LIMIT SATURATION CONDITIONS
    REMOVE IMPENDING LAYERS
    IMPROVE MANAGEMENT TO LIMIT MACROPORE FORMATION
    STUBBLE MANAGEMENT
  112. 112SOIL CONTROLLING FACTORS (3)BONDING AGENTS
    CATIONS
    PROCESSES
  113. 113CLAY PARTICLES (PHYSICS)HAVE LARGE SURFACE AREA AND PERMANENT ELECTRIC CHARGE ON THEIR SURFACES
  114. 114WHAT CAUSES NITRATE LEACHING?CLAY SOILS TEND TO RETAIN POSITIVE CATIONS WHILE THE NEGATIVE ANIONS ARE LEACHED OUT (NO-3 NITRATE)
  115. 115CATIONSTYPE OF CATION STRONGLY INFLUENCE THE SOILS STABILITY ESPECIALLY AGAINST WETTING.
  116. 116Ca++OFTEN A DOMINANT CATION IN SOIL THAT HELPS HOLD CLAY DOMAINS TOGETHER
  117. 117Na+WEAKENS DOMAINS BECAUSE IT TAKES TWO
  118. 118SOIL SUCTION IS MEASURED BY WHATTENCIOMETER, DRIER THE SOIL, GREATER THE SUCTION
  119. 119TOTAL POROSITYTHE PERCENTAGE OF AIRSPACE, THE SPACE WHERE THERE IS NO SOLIDS
  120. 120NEUTRON PROBERADIOACTIVE SOURCE OF FAST NEUTRONS AND A DETECTOR OF SLOW NEUTRONS. THE GREATER THE WATER CONTENT THE MORE NEUTRONS RETURNED TO THE DETECTOR AS SLOW NEUTRONS
  121. 121TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (TDR) PROBEECHO METHOD. PULSE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY IS DIRECTED ALONG 2 RODS PLACED IN THE SOIL. THE GREATER THE WATER CONTENT THE SLOWER THE ENERGY PULSE
  122. 122SAND RUN-OFFLOW
  123. 123CLAY RUN-OFFMED-HIGH
  124. 124SILT RUN-OFFHIGH
  125. 125CLAY TILLABILTYDIFFICULT
  126. 126SAND TILLABILTYEASY
  127. 127SILT TILLABILTYMEDIUM
  128. 128SAND WIND ERODIBILITYHIGH
  129. 129CLAY WIND ERODIBILITYLOW
  130. 130SILT WIND ERODIBILITYLOW
  131. 131SAND INTERNAL DRAINAGEEXCESSIVE
  132. 132SILT INTERNAL DRAINAGEMEDIUM
  133. 133CLAY INTERNAL DRAINAGEFAIR-POOR

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Flashcards on SOSC, created by Sophia Larkin-Boyer on 28/10/2018.
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