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Alivia Garris English 47 cards

Cards in this deck (47)

  1. 1Anti-clericalismA measure of disrespect towards the clergy.
  2. 2PietismThe idea of a direct relationship between the individual and God, reducing the importance of the Church.
  3. 3Western SchismWhere 3 popes claimed leadership over the Catholic Church.
  4. 4SimonySelling Church positions to the highest bidder.
  5. 5HeresyBeliefs contrary to religious doctrine.
  6. 6IndulgencesRelease the buyer from penance.
  7. 7PenancePunishment for sin
  8. 8PurgatoryA form of temporary Hell
  9. 9PredestinationConcept that God has predetermined everyone’s fate.
  10. 10HuguenotsFrench Calvinists
  11. 11Pope Clement VPope Clement V moved the seat of power from Rome to Avignon in France
  12. 12John WycliffeHe questioned:
    The worldly wealth of the Church.
    The miracle of transubstantiation.
    The teachings of penance.
    The sale of indulgences.
  13. 13Jan HussLed a religious revolt against the Church.
    Huss was called before the Council of Constance in 1415 by Pope Martin V.
    He was found guilty of heresy and burned at the stake.
  14. 14Martin LutherA Catholic monk who was troubled by the sale of indulgences.
  15. 15Albert of HohenzollernHe was offered the position as Archbishop of Mainz, at the price of 10,000 ducats, which he borrowed from a bank.
  16. 16Johann TetzelA Dominican friar, was set to preach the indulgence across Germany.
    -His famous phrase: “As soon as the gold in the basin rings, right then the soul to heaven springs.”
  17. 17Pope Leo XHe issued a papal bull (an official decree) demanding Luther to recant or be burned as a heretic.
  18. 18Frederick the ElectorA powerful patron wanted Jan Hus to have a public hearing
  19. 19Emperor Charles VAsked Luther to recant: Luther refused.
  20. 20Ulrich ZwingliTeachings impacted the Swiss city of Zurich:
    He accused monks of immorality.
    He rejected the veneration of saints.
    He announced that unbaptized children were not damned to hell.
  21. 21John CalvinJohn Calvin (1509-1564) settled in Geneva, Switzerland and developed his own faith.
    His main ideas are found in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, and he turned Geneva into a new Jerusalem.
  22. 22King Henry VIIIThe King of England, Henry VIII, had been supportive of the Catholic Church.
    He criticized Martin Luther in a pamphlet, The Defense of the Seven Sacraments.
    Married 3 times and wife gave birth to son Edward.
  23. 23Catherine of AragonHenry wanted to end his marriage to her
  24. 24Anne BoleynHenry had fallen in love with a woman at court, Anne Boleyn.
    She became pregnant and he secretly married her while still married to Catherine.
  25. 25Edward VIHenry eventually married a total of 6 times.
    His 3rd wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward VI.
  26. 26"Bloody Mary"Edward’s half-sister Mary, the daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Henry, ruled briefly from 1553-1558.
    She married Philip II of Spain, a Catholic, and attempted to bring England back to the Catholic Church.
    Many in England refused to return to Catholicism: she burned several hundred as heretics.
    This earned her the nickname “Bloody Mary.”
  27. 27Queen Elizabeth IHalf-sister of Bloody Mary,
    daughter of Anne Boleyn, and
    ruled England for a long successful time.
  28. 28Ignatius of LoyolaThe greatest success of the Catholic Reformation was the creation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556).
    Ignatius laid out his thoughts in his Spiritual Exercises, in particular his focus on total obedience to the Church.
  29. 29Ways Europe was changing in the 16th centuryRenaissance humanism, especially in the north, led people to question religious practices, such as the power of relics or the value of living life as a monk/nun.
  30. 30Church issues before the ReformationBlack Death, anticlericalism, pietism, Avignon Papacy, Western schism, poorly educated lower priest, practice of simony, and some clergies had multiple positions, There were people speaking out against the Church like: John Wycliffe and Jan Hus.
  31. 31The 95 ThesesThe Theses were mostly attacks on the sale of indulgences.
    The list was printed and spread all over Germany.
    It was ignored by Pope Leo X.
  32. 32The Diet of Wormsa meeting of the German nobility
  33. 33Luther's revolutionary ideasLuther formed a new church, based on his revolutionary ideas.
    He reduced the Catholic’s seven sacraments to two: communion and baptism.
    He rejected transubstantiation.
    He ended monasticism and did away with the idea of celibacy for clergy.
  34. 34Areas Protestantism spread toProtestantism had spread through much of northern Germany, Scandinavia, England, Scotland, the Netherlands, France, and Switzerland.
  35. 35German Peasants' Revolt of 1525Peasants revolted because of worsening economic conditions and because they believed Luther had called for social equality.
  36. 36Schmalkaldic WarCharles V was unable to contain the religious revolt happening in his territory.
    In the 1540s, the Schmalkaldic War between Charles and some of the Protestant princes went poorly for him.
  37. 37Peace of AugsburgIn 1555, Charles was forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg.
    It granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in territories ruled by a Lutheran prince.
    Catholic princes were ensured their territory could remain Catholic.
  38. 38The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists, began to deny the idea of infant baptism.
    They believed that baptism only works for adults who are aware of the decision they are making.
    Their practice of rebaptism was declared a capital offense in the Holy Roman Empire.
    The pope and Luther agreed on this.
  39. 39The AntitrinitariansThe Antitrinitarians, denied the scriptural validity of the Trinity.
    They were hunted down by both Catholics and Lutherans.
  40. 40Henry VIII's problemsDivorce was illegal in the Church so he sought an annulment to declare the marriage invalid.
  41. 41Act in Restraint of AppealsIn 1533, Henry pushed Parliament to enact the Act in Restraint of Appeals.
    It declared that all spiritual cases in England were within the King’s jurisdiction, not the popes.
    A month later, an English church tribunal declared his marriage to Catherine void and declared Anne Boleyn his lawful wife (she gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth).
  42. 42Act of SupremacyThe English Reformation ended in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy, which declared the King of England as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
  43. 43The Index of Prohibited BooksThe Church released an Index of Prohibited Books.
    They banned many “heretical” works, including texts from authors such as Erasmus and Galileo.
  44. 44The InquisitionThe Inquisition was a tribunal that fought heresy in Catholic lands, using torture to force confessions out of individuals.
  45. 45The Council of TrentThe centerpiece of the Catholic Reformation was the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
    The council took steps to address issues that had sparked the Reformation:
    They placed limits on simony.
  46. 46Baroque style of artThe council was critical of the religious failings of the mannerist style of art, and urged a more intensely religious art to be created.
    This helped lead to the development of the early baroque style of art.
  47. 47The Society of JesusThe greatest success of the Catholic Reformation was the creation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556).

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Flashcards on Untitled, created by Alivia Garris on 25/09/2019.
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Alivia Garris
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