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- 1Multi Store Model
- 2Sensory RegisterAn environmental stimulus eg. sound of someone's name, will pass into sensory register along with other sights sounds and smells. There are 5 memory stores, one for each of the senses in this part of memory.
Iconic memory - coded for visually
Echoic memory - coded for acoustically
Low duration, lasts less than half a second but has high capacity.
Very little of whats in the sensory register goes into memory store so you have to pay attention so it passes into memory store. - 3Short Term Memory STMKnown as limited capacity store because can only store a certain number of things before its forgotten.
Capacity is 5-9 items, but often closer to 5.
Information is coded for acoustically and often lasts for 30 seconds unless its rehearsed.
Maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat information long enough it gets passed into LTM. - 4Long Term MemoryPotentially permanent memory store for information that has been rehearsed. Capacity is believed to be unlimited and can last many years. This is demonstrated by a study that showed many participants were able to recognise the names and faces of their classmates from over 50 years go.
LTM tends to be coded for semantically (in terms of meaning)
When we want to recall memory from the LTM it has to be transferred back to the STM by a process called retrieval. - 5—The Brain
- 6Evaluation Supporting Research EvidenceStrength of the MSM is that it is supported by research studies that show that STM and LTM are qualitatively different. Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when using STM but mix up words that have similar meanings when using out LTM. The strength of this study is that it clearly showed coding in STM is acoustic and coding in LTM is semantic. This supports MSM's view that the two memory stores are separate and independent.
- 7Evaluation There is More Than One Type of STMMSM states that STM is a unitary store (only one type of STM). However evidence from people suffering from amnesia shows this cannot be true as some patients found it hard to recall digits when they were read to them but found it much easier to recall when they read them themselves. This showed there could be another STM for non-verbal sounds.
The unitary STM is a limitation of the MSM because research shows there are at least two, one to process visual information and one to process auditory information. - 8Evaluation There is More Than One Type of RehearsalAccording to the MSM, what matters in rehearsal is the amount of it that you do. So the more you rehearse some information the more likely you are to transfer it to LTM and remember it for a long time. Craik and Watkins found this is wrong because what matters about rehearsal is the type. They discovered there is two types of rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal is described in MSM but doesn't transfer information to LTM, its maintained in STM. Elaborative rehearsal is needed for long term storage. This occurs when you link the information to your existing knowledge, or you think about what it means.
This is a serious limitation of MSM because it is another research finding that cannot be explained by the model. - 9Working Memory Model WMMThis is an explanation of how one aspect of memory (STM) is organised and how it functions.
The WMM is concerned with the part of the mind that is active when we are temporarily storing and manipulating information. The model consists of four main components, each of which is qualitatively different especially in terms of capaxity and coding. - 10—
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by Megan Williams on 25/11/2019.
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