GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Untitled

Megan Williams English 17 cards

Untitled

Cards in this deck (17)

  1. 1Describes how information flows through the memory system. Made up of three stores.Multi Store Model
    MSM    Describes how information flows through the memory system. Made up of three stores.
  2. 2Sensory RegisterA stimulus from the environment, eg; sound of someones name, will pass into sensory register along with other sights, sounds and smells. There are several stores, one for each of the sense.Iconic memory (coded for visually) and echoic memory (coded for acoustically) are the main two stores. They have a high capacity but duration is very low, lasts for less than half a second. Little of what goes into sensory register passes further into the memory system but it will if you pay attention to it. The key process is attention.
  3. 3Short Term Memory STMKnown as limited capacity store because it can only contain a certain number of things before forgetting takes place. Capacity of STM is 5-9 but closer to 5, information us coded acoustically and lasts for about 30 seconds unless rehearsed.
    Maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over agin until it passes into LTM.
  4. 4Long Term Memory LTMPotentially permanent store for information that has been rehearsed for a prolonged period of time. Capacity is believed to be unlimited and can last for many years. LTM tends to be stored semantically (in terms of meaning).
    When we want to recall this information it has to be transferred back to STM by a process called retrieval.
  5. 5The BrainThe Brain
  6. 6Evaluation Supporting Research EvidenceSupported by research studies that show STM and LTM are qualitatively different. Braddeley found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when using STM but we mix up words that have similar meanings when using LTM. This clearly shows that coding in STM is acoustic and in LTM is semantic, this supports the MSM's view that the two memory stores are separate and different.
  7. 7Evaluation There is More Than One Type of STMMSM states STM is a unitary store (only one). However evidence from people suffering with amnesia suggests that this is wrong. They found that KF (a patient) found it hard to recall digits was poor when they were read to him aloud, but recall was much better when he read the digits himself. This shows there could be another short term store for non-verbal sounds.
    The unitary STM is a limitation of the MSM because research shows that there mist be at least two, one to process visual information and one to process visual information.
  8. 8Evaluation There is More Than One Type of RehearsalAccording to MSM its the amount of rehearsal that matters however Craik and Watkins found that what really matters about rehearsal is the type. They discovered two types of rehearsal maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.
    Maintenance rehearsal is described in MSM and does not transfer information to LTM it maintains it in STM.
    Elaborative rehearsal is needed for long-term storage, this occurs when you link the information to your existing knowledge, or when you think abut what it means.
    This is a serious limitation of the MSM because it is another research finding that cannot be explained by the model.
  9. 9Working Memory Model WMMAn explanation of how STM is organised and hw it functions.
    WMM is concerned with the part of the mind that is active when we are temporarily storing and manipulating information.
    The model consists of four main components that are qualitatively different especially in terms of capacity and coding.
  10. 10Central ExecutiveThe attentional process that monitors incoming data, makes decisions and allocates slave systems to task. The central executive has very limited processing capacity.
  11. 11Phonological LoopOne of the slave systems. it deals with auditory information and preserves the order in which the information arrives. the PL is divided into:
    Phonological store - stores the words you hear
    Articulatory process - Allows maintenance rehearsal (repeating sounds or words in a loop to keep them woking in memory whilst they are needed). The capacity of the loop is believed to be 2 seconds worth of what you can say.
  12. 12Visuo - spacial SketchpadSecond slave system. The VSS stores visual or spacial information when required. It has limited capacity according to Baddeley, which is about 3 or 4 objects. Logie subdivided VSS into:
    Visual cache - stores visual data
    Inner scribe - records the arrangement of objects in the visual field.
  13. 13Episodic BufferThird slave system. This was added to the model by Baddeley in 2000. It is a temporary store for information, integrating the visual, spacial and verbal information processed by the other stores and maintaining a sense of time sequence. Seen as the storage component of the central executive and has limited capacity of about 4 chucks. It inks working memory to LTM and wider cognitive processes such as perception.
  14. 14WMMWMM
  15. 15Evaluation Clinical EvidenceSupport comes from Shallice and Warrington's case study of patient KF who suffered brain damage. KF had poor STM ability for verbal information but could process visual information normally. This suggests that just his phonological loop had been damaged. This supports the existence of separate visual and acoustic stores. However this my not be reliable data as it concerns unique cases with patients who have had traumatic experiences.
  16. 16Evaluation Dual Task PerformaceStudies of duel task performance supports the separate existence of the visuo - spacial sketchpad. Braddeley showed that participants had more difficultly doing two visual tasks that doing both a visual and a verbal task. The increased difficulty is because both visual tasks compete for the same slave system whereas when doing verbal and visual tasks simultaneously there is no competition.
    This means there must be a separate slave system (VSS) that processes visual input.
  17. 17Evaluation Lacks Clarity over the Central ExecutiveCognitive psychologists suggest that this component of the WMM is unsatisfactory and doesn't explain anything. Baddeley recognised this when he said 'the central executive is the most important but the least understood component of working memory'. The central executive needs to be more clearly specified that just being 'attention'. Some scientists believe it is made up of many separate components.
    This means WMM hasn't been fully explained.

Information

Description
Flashcards on Untitled, created by Megan Williams on 25/11/2019.
Created by
Megan Williams
Views
0
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?