Flashcards
March 12th
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Natural/effective punishersPunishers which quickly eliminate the contingent behavior.
- 2Purposeful/contrived punishersA poor method of behavior modification when compared with reinforcement (no 'true' connection between response & consequence is established)
- 3Punishment and reinforcementA behavior which may be targeted for punishment recurs b/c it is in some way reinforcing. The punishment must exceed reinforcement to be effective.
- 4Positive punishmentThe addition of something that'll decrease the probability of recurring behavior.
- 5Negative punishmentThe removal of something that'll decrease the probability of recurring behavior.
- 6Negative Punishment Type1. Time out -> loss of access to positive reinforce for a given time + limited time, time out area can't be fun
2. Response cost -> removal of a specific reinforcer + removal must be proportionate to the aversive behavior - 7Extinction vs. Negative punishmentExtinction -> behavior grows weaker due to complete removal of reinforcer
Negative punishment -> behavior grows weaker due to lost access to reinforcer - 8Intrinsic vs. extrinsic punishersIntrinsic -> the behavior itself is punishing ex) doing pushup hurts - less likely to do it again b/c of effort it requires
Extrinsic -> punishment follows behavior
ex) scolded after smoking ciggs
Both result in reduction in behavior - 9Primary vs. Secondary punishersPrimary -> Events that are innately punishing (ex: electric shock, loud noises)
Secondary -> Association between something and a punisher (ex: light + shock) - 10Generalized (secondary) punisher- Form of secondary punisher
- An event associated with many other punishers
- Ex: a fine, a frown - 11Positive Effects of Punishment- Increase/promotes pro social behavior
- Reduce emotional distress
- Increase attention (to environment)
- Punisher is reinforced by immediate end in unpleasant behavior - 12Negative Side effects of Punishment- Cannot teach desirable behavior
- Association with punisher not behavior
- Avoidance of punisher
- Aggression often results
- Suppression of behavior only when punisher's around
- Extreme emotional response/distress - 13Natural punishersPunishment can be effective, but is heavily reliant on strong/consistent associations.
- 14Most effective use of punishment- Should be immediate
- Should be consistent
- Should be of sufficient intensity
- Negative over positive
- Comes with an explanation
- Reinforcement of appropriate behavior - 15Theories on Punishment1. Conditioned Suppression Theory
2. Avoidance Theory of Punishment
3. The Premack Approach to Punishment - 16Conditioned Suppression Theory- Punishment does not weaken a behavior, but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of the behavior.
- Punishment isn't good for long term changes
- Higher intensities may suppress behavior for longer periods of time - 17Avoidance Theory of PunishmentPunishment leads to avoidance of the punished behavior, negatively reinforcing any behavior other than the punished one.
- 18The Premack Approach to PunishmentA low probability behavior can be used to punish a high probability behavior. Ex) running a mile (LPB) every time you cheat on your diet (HPB). In this case, punishment does weaken the behavior.
- 19Non Contingent PunishmentAdministration of an aversive stimulus regardless of the subject's behavior
- 20Learned HelplessnessFollowing learning that an aversive stimulus is unavoidable, subject will remain helpless even when escape/avoidance becomes possible.
- 21Masserman's Experimental NeurosisErratic and extreme agitation caused by unpredictable exposure to aversive stimuli
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- Punishment
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- Tora Jay
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