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Flashcards

Computing theory

n.t.hoffmann English 82 cards

Computing theory

Cards in this deck (82)

  1. 1What is a computer system?A computer system is a system which can take inputs, process them and then output.
  2. 2What is the computer misuse act? (1990)This is an act put in place to prevent the misuse of a computer system. These offences include:
    - Unauthorised access to computer material
    - Unauthorised access with the intent to cause crime
    - Unauthorised modification of computer material
  3. 3Copyright, design and patients actOffences of this include:
    - Using unlicensed software
    - Downloading music from sites which have no right to provide them
    - Streaming movies from sites which have no right to provide them
    - Copying someone else's work and passing it off as your own
  4. 4Data protection actThe main principles of the data protection act are:
    -Who will be able to access the data?
    - Is the data still accurate?
    - Will the data be sold?
    - Will data be removed if it does not fit the purpose it was intended for?
  5. 5The control unitHas 3 main functions:
    1. Manages and monitors the hardware
    2. Controls input and outputs
    3. Controls the flow of data through the CPU
  6. 6Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)This part of the CPU does 2 functions:
    1. Calculates calculations of data
    2. Performs logic so looks if 2 numbers are greater then each other for example.
  7. 7Immediate Access storeThis is the part of the CPU which holds data which the control unit needs at an instant.
  8. 8CPU ArchitectureCPU Architecture
  9. 9Clock speedThe clock speed determines how quick the CPU is able to perform tasks.
    1 GHz means that the computer will be able to perform a thousand million instructions per second.
  10. 10Higher clock speedFaster performance but the CPU gets hotter and consumes more power
  11. 11Lower clock speedLower performance, less costly, less power consumed - so better suited for laptops
  12. 12CoresCores is how many processors are contained within a CPU. For example, a duel core CPU contains 2 processors.
  13. 13The cacheThe cache is a very fast store of memory which makes sure the processor is processing memory at optimal performance. Because of this, the cache is the main element of the processor which determines speed and processing.
  14. 14Memory Hierarchy(Fastest to slowest)
    Cache
    Ram
    Flash memory
    Hard drive
  15. 154 Thing which determine speed of a processorCache
    Cores
    Clock speed
    Bus speed
  16. 16What does 1 and 0 mean?1 means TRUE
    0 means FALSE
  17. 17Denary number system0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  18. 18Another name for DenaryBase 10
  19. 19Binary number system0 1
  20. 20Another name for binaryBase 2
  21. 21What is a bit?A single binary digit
  22. 22What is a nibble?4 binary digits
  23. 23What is a byte?8 binary digits
  24. 24NOT gateThis gate only produces a current when no current is going to it
    A Q
    1 0
    0 1
  25. 25AND gateThis gate only produces a current when both input legs have a current to them
    A B Q
    0 0 0
    1 0 0
    0 1 0
    1 1 1
  26. 26OR gateOnly allows a current through when either legs have a current going to them (or both)
    A B Q
    0 0 0
    1 0 1
    0 1 1
    1 1 1
  27. 27AND gate symbolAND gate symbol
  28. 28OR gateOR gate
  29. 29NOT gateNOT gate
  30. 30Q = C AND ( A OR B )Q = C AND ( A OR B )
  31. 31ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY)
    Memory which stores the instructions the computer uses to boot up(BIOS)
    ROM is able to keep its memory even when there is no power going to it (NON - VOLATILE)
    ROM is also READ - ONLY meaning that it will not be able to be edited.
  32. 32BIOSBASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM
  33. 33RAMRAM stores application data needed for a program to work. Therefore, the RAM needs to be VOLATILE (MEMORY IS LOST WHEN POWER IS REMOVED)
  34. 34SRAM(STATIC RAM)
  35. 35DRAMDYNAMIC RAM
  36. 36SRAM and DRAMDRAM is used in computer systems because it is a lot cheaper then SRAM although it is slower.
    A disadvantage of DRAM is that it must be refreshed every cycle in order for data to be retained.
  37. 37Virtual memoryThis is a process in which parts of the hard drive are used as RAM when the RAM is full. However, virtual memory is significantly slower than actual RAM.
  38. 38What does 'stand alone' mean?This is when a computer is not connected to a network.
  39. 39What is a work station?This is when a computer is connected to a network.
  40. 40Installing software over a networkWhen computers are linked to a network, an administrator has the ability to install a piece of software over multiple computers at once.
  41. 41Running an antivirus scan over a networkThe anti-virus check over a network will scan all of the computer at once.
  42. 42Virus on a networkIf a virus is introduced to a network the virus will spread and will be able to attack multiple files.
  43. 43Network failureIf a network was to fail, none of the users will have access to the files.
  44. 44Slow service in a networkIf a network is undergoing slow service when files are opened they will take very long. In addition, if a file is sent to print it will take a long time to be processed.
  45. 45CostA network is expensive because it requires the hardware and an internet connection. Finally, the network has to be maintained.
  46. 46LAN meaningLocal Area Network
  47. 47What is LAN?A LAN connection is when 2 or more computers are connected via wires.
  48. 48WAN meaning?Wide Area Network
  49. 49What is WAN?This is the process when multiple computers are connected together but not all computers are interconnected. For example, A might be connected to B and then connected to C but A is not connected to C.
  50. 50What is an algorithm?An algorithm is a set of instructions that a computer code is going to carry out.
  51. 51Is an algorithm a computer code?An algorithm is not a computer code. An algorithm is the processes which the code will carry out. Therefore, an algorithm can be made for multiple programming languages.
  52. 52What is a flowchart?A flowchart breaks down all of the processes which the computer code is going to follow.
  53. 53What does a curved square represent?This is used at the START and END of the program to represent where the program begins and ends.
  54. 54What does a square represent?This represents a process of the algorithm. For example, 'Get cup' for a flowchart showing how to make a cup of tea.
  55. 55What does a diamond shaped box represent?This represents when decisions can be taken out during the code. For example, 'Do you want sugar' in a flowchart showing a cup of tea being made.
  56. 56What do parallelograms represent?This shows when an input or output is being processed during the code.
  57. 57Table showing hexidecimal numbers...Table showing hexidecimal numbers...
  58. 58Hexidecimal numbers 16-31Hexidecimal numbers 16-31
  59. 59How to convert hexidecimal to deneryHow to convert hexidecimal to denery
  60. 60Denery to hex 74 to hex74/16 = 4.625
    4*16 = 64
    74-64 = 10
    10 = A (in hexidecimal)
    74 = 4A
  61. 61Denery to hexidecimal 174 to hex174/16 = 10.875
    10 * 16 = 160
    174 - 160 = 14
    10 = A
    14 = E
    174 = AE
  62. 62What is an overflow error?This is when the number is bigger then the amount of bits allowed. For example, the biggest 8 bit binary number is 255 but if 270 comes up, this would cause an overflow error.
  63. 63Another overflow error definition...An error that occurs when the computer attempts to handle a number that is too large for it. Every computer has a well-defined range of values that it can represent. If during execution of a program it arrives at a number outside this range, it will experience an overflow error.
  64. 64Binary addition rules1 + 0 = 1
    1 + 1 = 10
    1 + 1 + 1 = 11
  65. 65What is the answer to...? 01001011 + 00100101What is the answer to...? 01001011 + 00100101
  66. 66What is flash memory?Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory that erases data in units called blocks. A block stored on a flash memory chip must be erased before data can be written, or programmed, to the microchip. Flash memory retains data for an extended period of time whether a flash-equipped device is powered on or off.
  67. 67Stages of developmentDefine requirements
    Analysis
    Design
    Implementation
    Test
    Installation
    Maintenance
  68. 68Custom written softwareThis is when software is written specifically to a companies desire. This means that the software will be specific and more expensive to produce.
  69. 69Off the shelf softwareThis is when software is written to be provided to a wide range of customers. For example, Microsoft office package.
  70. 70De facto standardsThese are standards implemented because of a big usage. For example, USB ports.
  71. 71Open source standardsThis is when software is given out for free over the internet. Open source software can also be freely modified by the owner.
  72. 72Proprietary standardsThis is when a standard is owned by and controlled by a company. For example, Microsoft own the file extension to there office software. Because of this, no other company can use the file extension without permission.
  73. 73What is sound measured in?Cycles per second or hertz
  74. 74What is an amplitude of a sound?The loudness of the sound
  75. 75Colour depthThis is the number of bits used to represent a colour
  76. 76ResolutionResolution is the amount of pixels which are accommodated in a set space
  77. 77DPIDots Per Inch
  78. 78MetadataThis is the properties of the image for example the height and width of the picture.
  79. 79What is an IP?INTERNET PROTOCOL
    Is a code which is able to identify every computer connected to an IP based network
  80. 80What is a MAC address?MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL ADDRESS
    This is the unique code which is used to help identify every network card or wireless adapter.
  81. 81Why are IP/MAC addresses used?IP and MAC addresses are used to help identify all of the systems which are using a network. This helps create security in the network because any unwanted access to the network can be identified and prevented.
  82. 82HTMLHyperText Markup Language

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Flashcards on Computing theory, created by n.t.hoffmann on 21/04/2015.
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