Flashcards
Separations and Purifications
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1What are the 5 types of separation methods? C DEFS1. extraction
2. distillation
3. centrifugation
4. filtration
5. sublimation - 2What is extraction?- a solute is transferred from one solvent to another
- works if the solvents cannot mix
- works if the solute is more soluble in the solvent it is being moved into - 3what is filtration?isolates a solid from a liquid
- 2 types: gravity and vacuum filtration
- gravity: poured through filter paper, the weight of the solvent pulls it through
- vacuum: poured through filter paper into a vacuum which is helpful to isolate large quantities of solid - 4what is sublimation?- heated solid goes directly to gas stage
- a low pressure reduces temp for sublimation
- solid is heated and condensed against a cold surface leaving non-volatile purities behind - 5what is centrifugation?separates particles at diff rates depending on size, density, viscosity and shape
- used for separating polymeric materials such as biological macromolecules - 6what is distillation?separation by diff boiling points
- 7what is chromatography?separation of a mixture of compounds by their distribution between two phases: one stationary and one moving
- 8what is gas-liquid chromatography?the stationary phase is a liquid absorbed into an inert solid
the mobile phase is a gas - 9what is thin-layer chromatography?a solid-liquid technique
- 10what is column chromatography?uses paper in a layer like form
- 11what is gel electrophoresis?molecules are made to move through gel - with an electric current which is applied throughout. as a result the molecules move at diff speeds depending on their size and charge. anions move towards the anode, cations move towards the cathode. highly charged small molecules will move the fastest (size maters most)
- 12recrystallization isa solid organic compound with some impurity is dissolved in a hot solvent and then the solvent is slowly cooled to allow the pure compound to reform, the impurities stay behind in the solvent
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- Flashcards on Separations and Purifications, created by mitzigolsorkhi on 21/08/2015.
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- mitzigolsorkhi
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