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- 1communicationservices that let people keep in touch
example: Instagram or messenger or even WhatsApp they all let people text, call and keep in touch.
pros: easy for everyone to stay in touch
cons: cyber bullying and trolles - 2real time servicesservices that give us real time info like what's happening right now like
example: booking a airplane or checking to see what's the weather like and also train timetables.
pros: can save people time and trouble such as when catching trains and plains
cons: downtime damages public image. - 3commercebusiness so these services involve money on some way
example: online sopping and banking.
pros: convenience of home delivery for online shopping
cons: security eg credit card fraud. - 4governmentthese involve official public services for instance local councils and national government collecting taxis.
example: paying personal taxis online, paying car tax, paying student loans
pros: cuts cost of government because it reduces the need for people to process paperwork
cons: not everyone has online access - 5educationinvolves workplace training for businesses as well as learning for schools
example: online learning for construction trades or online learning like bitesize
pros: users can work online at their own place
cons: must have net access - 6entertainmentmeans services for leisure and fun
example: catch up TV services, radio players and music streaming sites
pros: services can be access on the move
cons: need broadband for media services - 7busnesscompanies using websites to increase efficiency and save money
examples: using skype or using special internal websites called intranets
pros: cuts travel costs for staff and intranets is secure way to share files and info
cons: staff need training - 8download servicesmeans LEGAL download services such as for games, music, and movies
example: I-Tunes for music or steam for games
pros: legal so no privacy no need for old methods such as waiting for DVDs in post
cons: need fast internet to download large files - 9VLEservices that provide virtual classrooms for students and teachers
example: Moodle is a virtual learning enviorment or VLE
pros: upload work for feedback and share via forums
cons: set-up/training costs - 10affiliate modelwebsite pays a sum of money to the host website when a user clicks on the advertisement
- 11four types of online advertisementsocial media advertisement
content marketing
e-mail marketing and
mobile advertisement - 12why companies advertise onlineto try and ware awareness of there company to attract people to them and a effective way to drive traffic to your website
- 13how online advertisement can be annoyingwhen you are trying to finish or do something and a ad or pop-up ad comes up and ruins all of it for you
- 14file compressionsqueezing data to reduce file size for storage and sending this can also save space smaller file size faster downloads
- 15role of the indexused to quickly locate data without having to search every role in a database table every time a database table is accessed.
- 16what a algorithm isa specific procedure for solving a well-defined computational problem
- 17the benefits of file compressionreduces in storage hardware,data transmission
- 18advantage of online softwarewith online software it saves automatically can access anywhere in the world is saved on the cloud. always upgrades itself
- 19disadvantages of online softwarealways potential security risks limitations of the software
- 20advantage of standalone softwareadvantage of standalon3e software is you don't rely on the internet its your and damage control
- 21disadvantage of standalone softwarethis is restricted to that single computer and is not on the cloud so if you fry it it will be lost and wont be able to recover it.
- 22back-upback-up is were you save your data or make another copy so that if anything happened to the original you would still have that so it would not be completely lost.
- 23restoreis when you get something back to its original form.
- 24advantages of collaborated workingonline services allow people to work on the same project or even the same document so:
staff can collaborate online even if they are in different places or countries so they don't need to travel which saves money and helps the environment you only need one version of a document which everyone can edit - 25the importance of version control and how it can be usedwhen lots of people can edit a document its vital to show which is latest version eg filenames can use numbers or dates
- 26levels of accessrestrictions are set at login staff can access areas depending on their role students and teachers see different parts of the network
- 27file permissionsettings that control what users can do to a file
read: view only
read/wright: view and edit - 28online communitiesonly exists online
social network connect people with similar interests
example: virtual world second life only exists online
members need to be online same time eg: online gaming
others can interact at different time eg: learning community on a VLE - 29network of friendsplaying on the same game even from different countries
- 30# virtual worldanother example is a virtual world such as second life that only exists online
- 31bloga web log or online journal or video blog that's meant to be updated often
- 32microbloga website or app were short messages are exchanged (eg: twitter)
- 33chat rooma place on the web where many users online at same time can communicate live
- 34wikisites were authorized users can login to add or edit content
- 35podcastaudio or video files that are usually published in instalments
- 36description of netiquetteis a set of rules for users online netiquette means a code of behavior
- 37profileusers online presence such as on social media
- 38avatarpeople decide what to show and how much is true a avatar is a image to represent you
- 39what is VolpiVoIP is voice over internet protocol
- 40advantagesuse internet only no additional costs
able to connect anywhere but only if have internet connection
reduces travel costs such as staff in different countries having a video conference not flying
better for collaboration since can also show documents on-screen - 41disadvantagesrelies on internet connection so can be slow or buffer or it can cut out
data exchanged online is at risk of security threats such as hackers
voice quality can be effected since the audio is being converted to digital - 42equipment requiredmost of the equipment required is already built into it.
- 43ubiquitous computingis where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online
for example professors are built into running kit to track distance heartbeat etc.. - 44RFID chipsradio frequency identification chips are a way to embed professor into everyday objects used to identify and track products for stock control like a barcode but doesn't need to be scanned
for example shops an RFID scanned by the door of a shop can read the chips as they pass thru and sound the alarm if the product is stolen - 45cloud computinggeneral term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet
- 46benefits of cloud computingweather you experience a natural disaster power frailer or other crisis having your data stored in the cloud ensures it is backed up and protected in a secure and safe location being able to access your data again quickly allows you to conduct business as usual minimizing any downtime and loss of productivity.
- 47drawbacks of cloud computingdata lost
data leakage
account or surface hijacking - 48ISP
- 49network infrastructure
- 50serverruns special software to serve other computers
different types include file, print, web and email servers - 51clienta computer/device that uses services provided by the server
the computer you use to access the internet is a client - 52routerde4vice that rout (direct) data traffic through a network
they are intelligent and will try to find the best routes - 53back bonea big cable (often fiber optic) that connects a large number of devices in the core of the internet
- 54ISP connections
- 55Popa point of presence (Pop) is an access point to the internet
an ISP have many several Pop's to allow good access to the internet - 56network access pointa network access point (NAP) is where different networks interconnect, such as your home network onto the internet
- 57dial up connectionsis a wired connection via modern and phone wires
advantages-can use existing telephone wires gives connection where broadband is unavailable
disadvantages-older technology and can give poor reception usually slower than other methods conversion between digital and analog can cause errors. - 58broadbandmeans a wired connection via a broadband supplier
advantage-better reception and speed than dial-up
disadvantage-wired so has to be used on a stationary computer broadband is not available in many rural areas - 59wirelessconnects without using cables
advantage-not fixed to a stationary computer can be used whenever wireless internet is available (eg wi-fi hotspot)
disadvantage-needs to have wireless internet available can be less secure than wired tends to be slower than wired. - 60table for seeing how much different types of data can be transferred in time
- 61describe the term protocolthere are several protocols or rules for handling all the data for web pages they are included in the URL so that the browser knows how to handle that page
- 62HTTPhyper text transfer protocol
HTTP is the set of rules that handle what we do on the web
it handles your REQUEST to load a page from a web server
it also handles the RESPONSE to download the web page and all its files to your computers - 63HTTPSthe S in HTTPS means secure
data in the web page is scrambled before sending across the internet
so if data is intercepted it cant be understood
protects privacy from hackers - 64FTPfile transfer protocol
an old protocol that was invented even before the web was born
it is still used to upload and download files from a server
it is often used by web developers to transfer files to their web user
but to use FTP you usually need a username and password - 65TCPTCP is responsible for
breaking data into packets
assembling the packets again when they arrive - 66IPIP is responsible for
handling the routing of packets
that addressing sending and receiving over the net - 67web page layout
- 68hyperlinksthe web works because of hyperlinks
they connect web pages together
when a hyperlink is clicked the user is taken to another page on the site or taken to another web site. - 69web serverwebsites are stored on web servers
when you access a website through a browser the page is temporarily downloaded onto your computer
it is the web servers job to deliver the web page requested - 70browsersweb pages are accessed through browsers
these are application which allow a user to enter URL and view a webpage
your browser reads the HTML code and displays the page. - 71URL diagram
- 72URLURL is an address for a webpage
- 73diagram of how search works
- 74client sidea computer device that uses services provided by a server the computer you use to access the internet is a client
- 75search engineare special websites that allow users to find data on the internet
examples including google and Bing - 76server sideruns special software to serve other computers
different types include files, print, web and e-mail services - 77spider/web crawlerto collect details of websites, the search engines use automated programs (or bots) called web spiders or web crawlers
they look around the web, looking for new or updated pages and log them in the search engines database called the index - 78indexa list that provides the location of the items within the database
- 79databasea structure collection of related data
- 80sponsored ink resulte
- 81advertst
- 82popularityf
- 83store and forwarda telecommunications technique in which information is sent to an intermediate station
- 84address book/contact groupa book or database used for storing entries called contacts
- 85CCa carbon copy
they need to use it for information purposes - 86BCCa blind carbon copy
are people that are not directly involved in e-mail - 87benefits of using e-mailits free once you are online
easy to use
easy to prioritize
good for the planet
info at your fingertips - 88drawbacks of using e-mailpotentially cause information overload
lacks a personal touch
can be disruptive - 89SMTPsimple mail transfer protocol
it pushes outgoing e-mail to a server
if ever a problem sending them SMTP will keep trying until its sent - 90IMAPinternet message access protocol
let you access your e-mail on a server you can access anytime any where - 91web mailall your messages stay on the server
can access e-mail on any devices
e-mail backed-up
you must have net connection
slow service - 92e-mail cliente-mail downloaded to client machine
can access them even if not online
client software has more features
e-mail lost if computer crashes - 93utpunshielded twisted pair is just made up of pairs of copper wires twisted together
- 94stpshielded twisted pair
- 95advantages of utp/stpcheaper than other methods
reliable
under plastic coating the shielded cable has protective layer around the copper wires to protect data signal from interference. - 96disadvantages of utp/stpslow
low capacity
used over short distance
susceptible to interference which means data can be interfered with if near another digital device. - 97co-axial cableis solid copper wire with thick shielding used to connect TV with areal
- 98co-axial cable advantagereliable
- 99disadvantage co-axialslow low capacity
used over short distance
thick and physically inflexible susceptible and noise - 100fiber opticstrands of glass carry data as light used for backbone of network
- 101advantage fiber opticfast
used over long distance
little interference - 102disadvantage fiber opticused for backbone of network
- 103infrareduses infrared light to transmit data that's very high frequency light
- 104advantagereliable
- 105disadvantageshort range
devices must be in line of sight
can suffer from interference - 106microwaveuses wave with short wavelength to transmit data
- 107advantagegood for medium distance
cant be blocked - 108disadvantagecan suffer from interference from other devices eg a microwave oven that's near to a computer device.
- 109satelliteuses satellites in spaces to relay data between points on earth eg GPS
- 110advantagegood for very long distance and communication as well as finding places
- 111disadvantagevery expensive
unreliable signal
if they are damaged there are no repair shops in space - 112NICs and NAPsdevices using warless networking need a NIC
NIC-network interface card
its the hardware for receiving wireless signals
its built-into modern devises eg tablets phones
the NIC connects to NAP
NAP-network access point
lots of places offer NAPs such as cafes and libraries - 113client sideis viewing webpages on our client device (eg a tablet or PC)
- 114advantagespeed processing is faster on client side because data does not have to travel back to the server across the internet.
security data cannot can be intercepted on the client in the same way it can be when data is transmitted back to the server across the internet - 115disadvantagebrowser specific different browsers process client scripts in different ways therefore a web developer cannot be sure how their website will appear on the screen on the client side
computer speed the web developer is relying on the speed of the client computer to deliver the interactive features so if that is slow then the processing will be slow - 116server sideprocessing data at the back end on the web server
- 117advantageservers are powerful computers a web server is likely to be way more powerful than a client computer so it can process data faster
no browser involved servers don't use browsers so there are so there are none of the difficulties you get on the on the client with different brands
efficient everything is done on the server so no need to wait for downloads etc. - 118examples client siderollover image
see a colander widget appear - 119examples of server sideuser validation saving and retrieving data and navigating to other pages
- 120databasestructure collection of data
- 121tablea table stores a set of data e.g.datails of the students in school
- 122fieldare the columns in a table e.g. surname, genre and date of birth
- 123recordis one row that stores data about a single item e.g. students details
- 124primary keyis a special field with a unique identifier e.g. student ID
- 125foreign keyits purpose is to link to the supplier table
- 126relationshipmost databases need more than one table to store all of the data
so the tables need to be linked (or related) to create a relational database - 127data typessays what kind of data is going to be stored in a field
- 128textany kind of characters including letters and numbers for example: LA8 2HJ
- 129numernumeric values for example: 1.5
- 130data/timedats and times for example: 01/04/2014
- 131Booleanone of two values such as yes/no or true and false
- 132online and local databaselocal means a database held inside a network to keep it secure
online means a database that could be accessed around the world - 133DBMSis software that allows you to create and use your own database
- 134SQLis the language used by DBMS to actually create and search a database
it has a data definition language (DDL) to set-up the tables
and it has a data manipulation language (DML) for updates and search queries - 135presence checkensures data is entered into a field and not left blank
for example: a school will always want to know a emergence contact number - 136range checkused to ensure data falls between a set range
for example: a secondary school student is likely to be aged between 11 and 16 - 137format checkused to ensure data is in the correct format
for example: ensures the range of the month - 138check digitused to ensure the data received is the same as the data transmitted
for example: final number in a sequence - 139—bold text
- 140threats to data
- 141how to protect data
- 142opportunista company network security can be breach by people who take a random opportunity such as unattended PC
- 143virusviruses are malicious programs designed to replicate and spread across a computer or network to damage or corrupter files and data
- 144malwaremalware is the name for several other types of malicious software such as worms,
adware, spyware and other nasty software that aims to cause damage to files or steal data - 145phishingwhen hackers use fake e-mails or websites to trick people into clicking links then entering their personal data such as bank passwords
- 146accidental damagethis could include floods or fire to hurricanes or damage from untrained users
- 147hackerspeople who purposefully try to gain unauthorized access to a computer or a network but bear in mind that a high proportion of hackers are people who actually work for an organization
- 148physical barriersmeans protection such as locks on doors, or CCTV even turning computers off at night
- 149password control of accessa strong password is at least 8 characters and includes uppercase and lowercase letters plus numbers and symbols
- 150access levelsensures people only have access to the parts of the system they need (staff would also need training before gaining greater access)
- 151anti virus softwaresoftware that works by scanning your files and then deleting a virus or put safety in quarantine
- 152fire wallsoftware that monitors data coming in and out a network to protect it from viruses, malware and hackers it puts a wall around a network
- 153encryptionmeans scrambling data to turn it into a secret code before sending it over a network or internet so hackers cant decode and understand it
- 154back-up and recoverya backup is a copy of data kept in a different location is replacing the data such as copying the back up files to the original location
- 155personal privacy settingssecurity settings can be used on social network sites to protect users privacy
- 156data protection actforces organizations to protect the data they store about people
lays dawn 8 principals- see above
can be fined if they don't follow them - 157computer misuse acttargets hackers and virus- makers
focused on un authorized access
starts with access then intention to do more harm and then altering data - 158copy right, designs and patients actaimed at preventing privacy
protects rights of the makers of software, photos, music, film etc.
so use without permission is illegal - 159freedom of information actgives people the right to see data stored about them in public sector organizations eg government councils
anyone can make a FOL request
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- Flashcards on making flashcards , created by Louise Taylor on 16/11/2021.
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