Flashcards
Chapter 2 Reformation
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1Anti- clericalismAnticlericalism was growing: a measure of disrespect toward the clergy.
- 2PietismPietism was on the rise: the idea of a direct relationship between the individual and God, reducing the importance of the Church.
- 3simonyselling Church positions to the highest bidder.
- 4heresysaying/disagreeing with the church
- 5indulgencesmoney you give to the church to get out of purgatory
- 6penancepunishment for sins
- 7purgatorya form of temporary hell
- 8Predestinationthat God has predetermined everyone’s fate
- 9huguenotsFrench Calvinists were called Huguenots.
- 10John WycliffeWycliffe urged his followers, the lollards to read the bible and interpret it themselves
- 11Jan HussJan Huss led a religious revolt against the church
- 12Martin LutherMartin Luther was a catholic monk who was troubled by the sale of indulgences/ 95 thesis
- 13Emperor Charles Vholy roman emperor
- 14John CalvinCalvin (1509-1564) settled in Geneva, Switzerland and developed his own faith.
His main ideas are found in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, and he turned Geneva into a new Jerusalem. - 15King Henry VIIIHenry wanted to end his marriage to his wife Catherine of Aragon. He wanted a son but got two daughters. He was married 6 times. The pope refused to give him a annulment
- 16Catherine Of AragonShe was King Henrys first wife. She had one son. she was related to the ruler of spain.
- 17Anne BoleynKing Henrys second wife. she also got pregnant with king henrys second daughter. He accused her of cheating on him so he beheaded her.
- 18Edward VIking henrys son
- 19Queen Elizabeth IAnne Boleyn and King Henrys second Daughter. She ruled after henrys death.
- 20Ignatius Of Loyolathe greatest success of the catholic reformation was the creation of the society of Jesus by the Ignatius Of Loyola
- 21Ways Europe was changing in the 16th CenturyRenaissance humanism, especially in the north, led people to question religious practices, such as the power of relics or the value of living life as a monk/nun.
- 22church issues before the reformationThe Church faced significant problems on the eve of the Reformation.
Indeed, the 14th century was a disaster for the Church:
The Black Death struck Europe, ultimately killing 1/3rd of the population and pushing people to question the power of the Church. - 23the 95 thesesA document that martin Luther wrote and he nailed it to the church door. he also made copies with the printing press and send it around all of Germany.
- 24The Diet of Wormsa meeting of the german hobility
- 25Luthers revolutionary ideasLiberty of a Christian Man: he developed the basic ideas of a new Church:
Grace is the sole gift of God.
One is saved by faith alone.
The Bible is the only source of that faith. - 26Areas protestantism spread tonorthern Germany, Scandinavia, England, Scotland, the Netherlands, France, and Switzerland.
- 27German Peasants' Revolt of 1525While Luther was a social conservative and didn’t want to change the social order, some believed otherwise, most clearly seen in the German Peasant’s Revolt of 1525:
Peasants revolted because of worsening economic conditions and because they believed Luther had called for social equality. - 28schmalkaldic warIn the 1540s, the Schmalkaldic War between Charles and some of the Protestant princes went poorly for him.
- 29peace of AugsburgIn 1555, Charles was forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg.
It granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in territories ruled by a Lutheran prince.
Catholic princes were ensured their territory could remain Catholic. - 30the anabaptistsOne group, the Anabaptists, began to deny the idea of infant baptism.
They believed that baptism only works for adults who are aware of the decision they are making.
Their practice of rebaptism was declared a capital offense in the Holy Roman Empire.
The pope and Luther agreed on this. - 31Henry VIII's problemshe wanted a son but had two daughters instead. He also wanted a divorce from his wife and the pope wouldn't give it to him so he went to Parament and got them to pass the act of supremacy with makes the king of England supreme head of the church of England.
- 32Act in Restraint of AppealsThe Act of Restraint of Appeals meant that people could not appeal to the Pope to overturn Henry's rulings on the church.
- 33Act of SupremacyThe English Reformation ended in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy, which declared the King of England as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
- 34The Index of Prohibited BooksThe Church released an Index of Prohibited Books.
They banned many “heretical” works, including texts from authors such as Erasmus and Galileo. - 35The InquisitionThe Inquisition was a tribunal that fought heresy in Catholic lands, using torture to force confessions out of individuals.
Heretics were often executed. - 36The council of TrentThe centerpiece of the Catholic Reformation was the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
The council took steps to address issues that had sparked the Reformation:
They placed limits on simony. - 37Baroque style of artEncourage by the Counter Reformation, the Baroque style of art and architecture developed to counter the simplicity of Protestant styles.
It emphasized contrast, movement, detail, deep colors, and grandeur to achieve a sense of awe. - 38The Society of JesusThe greatest success of the Catholic Reformation was the creation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556).
- 39St. Teresa of AvilaSt. Teresa of Ávila was the first of only four women to have been named doctor of the church. Her writings on the Christian soul's journey to God are considered masterpieces.
- 40El grecoEl Greco: an artist that mixed Mannerist, Renaissance, and Byzantine elements.
- 41Artemisia Gentileschia female artist known for her natural depictions of the female figure.
- 42Gian Berninian architect and the most famous of the Baroque sculptors.
- 43Peter Paul Rubensan influential Dutch artist that produced a huge number of paintings.
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- Flashcards on Chapter 2 Reformation , created by Jeylah Finch on 29/09/2022.
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