Flashcards
MsMM
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1MultiStore Memory Model.
- 2CodingInformation is changed
into a different language/code/form so it can be stored in a particular
memory store - 3CapacityThe amount of information
that a memory store can
hold - 4DurationHow long the information
can be held in the memory
store for - 5DecayOver time memory fades
away - 6DisplacementNew information pushes
out older information due
to a limited capacity - 7RehearsalPractising something to remember the information
e.g. silently repeating a
phone number - 8RetrievalGetting information back
from the long-term memory store - 9Multistore ModelBased on the idea that information passes through a series of memory
stores (sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory) - 10Sensory registerBased on the sense that
received the information,
duration of less than half a
second, large capacity - 11Short term memoryCodes acoustically, a duration of about 18 seconds
without rehearsal, the capacity of 7+/-2 chunks of information - 12Long term memoryCodes semantically, the duration can last up to a lifetime for some materials,
has an unlimited capacity - 13Research on coding in the STM and LTM (Baddeley - method)participants in groups and given different lists of short words to remember, one
the list was semantically similar and one was acoustically similar, the others were random lists, recall was tested immediately after being given the lists and then again after a period of time - 14Research on coding in the STM and LTM (Baddeley - results)Fewer words from the list of acoustically similar words were recalled after immediate recall (STM), fewer words from the list of semantically similar words
were recalled after a period of time (LTM) - 15Research on coding in the STM and LTM (Baddeley - conclusions)Information is coded
acoustically in the STM
and semantically in the
LTM - 16Research on the capacity of the STM (Jacobs and Miller - method)gave participants a list of digits and asked them to repeat the list back to them correctly, e.g. a list of 4 digits, then a list of 5 digits if they got the first list
correct, this was repeated until the participant was unable to repeat the list of
digits correctly (Miller did this with letters and words as well) - 17Research on the capacity of the STM (Jacobs and Miller - results)The means span for digits was 9.3 and for letters, it was 7.3, Miller found people were just as able to recall 5 words as they were
5 letters, he suggested because of chunking - 18Research on the capacity of the STM (Jacobs and Miller - conclusions)The average capacity of the short term memory is 7+/-2 chunks of information (between 5 and 9)
- 19Research on the duration of the STM (Peterson and Peterson - method)Each participant did 8 trials, on each trial the participant was given a consonant syllable (3 letters) to remember as well as a 3-digit number, they were asked to count backwards from the number until told
to stop, the time differed on each trial (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 seconds), they were then asked to recall the consonant syllable - 20Research on the duration of the STM (Peterson and Peterson - results)Approximately 80% were accurate after 3 seconds,
this dropped to approximately 10% after 18 seconds - 21Strength of STM and LTM research (ease of replication)Easy to replicate, all three studies are lab experiments in controlled conditions with standardised procedures and instructions, the lists used can be kept and used again at a later date, the study can be done again so the reliability of the results can be checked
- 22Weakness of STM and LTM research (realism)lack realism, the tasks do not reflect the way in which a person would use their
STM and LTM in everyday life, the results and conclusions from the studies may
not be applicable to everyday memory - 23Research on the duration of the LTM (Bahrick - method)Studied participants aged 17 - 74, high school yearbooks were used, recall was tested using a photo-recognition test and a
free recall test of everyone
in their graduating class - 24Research on the duration of the LTM (Bahrick - results)Participants tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate
with task 1 and 60% accurate with task 2, after 48 years there 70% accuracy with tasks 1 and 30% accuracy with task 2 - 25Research on the duration of the LTM (Bahrick - conclusions)The duration of the LTM
could be up to a lifetime for
some material - 26Strength of research on the duration of the LTM (ecological validity)High ecological validity, the task of having to recall photos and names from their high school is reflective of what people use
their LTM for everyday life, the ideas can be applied to real life. - 27Weakness of research on the duration of the LTM (extraneous variables)There could be potential extraneous variables, the researcher had no control over how often the participants retrieved and
rehearsed memories of their graduating class over time, it is possible that
the amount of retrieval/rehearsal a person engages in could influence the duration of LTM and reduce the internal validity - 28Strength of the multistore model of memory (case study of HM)After the operation to remove his hippocampus, Henry's LTM was relatively
intact and he could keep information in his STM if he used rehearsal, he was unable to transfer new memories from the STM to the LTM, if the memory was just one store this difference should not exist, this shows they are separate stores, increasing the validity of the multistore model - 29Weakness of the multistore model of memory (case study of KF)KF's STM for verbally presented digits was poor, whereas his STM for visually presented digits was much better, if the STM was unitary this would not happen, suggesting that there are multiple STM stores unlike the multistore model claims, this reduces the validity of the multistore model
- 30Weakness of the multistore model of memory (doesn't differentiate between types of rehearsal)individuals can have stronger memories of information that they have not spent much time rehearsing (e.g. last Christmas) than information they have spent a long
time rehearsing (e.g. GCSE English texts), according to the multistore model this should not be the case, this shows people can form LTM of events that have meaning to them without needing to rehearse it, reducing the validity of the multistore model
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- Flashcards on MsMM, created by Haya Al-Tahan on 12/10/2022.
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- Haya Al-Tahan
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