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Flashcards

Learning

Jessica Benjamin Gym Grade 9 English 52 cards

Cards in this deck (52)

  1. 1What is learningAny durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience
  2. 2Ivan Pavlov discovered...Psychic reflexes
  3. 3US stands for?Unconditioned Stimulus (food)
  4. 4UCR stands for?Unconditioned Response (salivation)
  5. 5CS stands for?Conditioned Stimulus ( Bell/ sound)
  6. 6CR stand for?Conditioned response (saliva to bell)
  7. 7Can UCR and CR differ?Yes
  8. 8Name all 6 Basic ProcessesAcquisition
    Extinction
    Spontaneous recovery
    Stimulus generalization
    Stimulus discrimation
    High-order conditioning
  9. 9What is Acquisition?The phase of classical conditioning when the CS and the US are presented together
  10. 10What is Extinction?Gradual elimination of learned response that occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US
  11. 11What us spontaneous recovery?The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period
  12. 12What is stimulus generalization?When an organism has learned a response to a specific stimulus, but responds in the same way to new stimulus that are similar to the original CS
  13. 13What is the opposite to stimulus generalization?Stimulus discrimination
  14. 14What is Stimulus Discrimination?Organism learn a response to a CS and does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the CS
  15. 15What is higher order conditioningWhen a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus.
  16. 16Does classical conditioning depend on UCS?No, well established CS work too (Hight order conditioning)
  17. 17What are 3 examples of common conditioned responses in everyday lifeFood aversion
    Prejudice
    Phobias and other fears
  18. 18How do irrational fears develop?Classical conditioning
    Ex: Experienced pain (UCR) during drilling (UCS) at dentist
  19. 19How do we see conditioning in advertising?Try to relate an emotion to a product
  20. 20What us the definition of Operant conditioninga type of learning in which the consequences of an organism behavior determine wether it will repeat that behavior in the future
  21. 21Beyon CC what is there?Reflex responses that are controlled by stimuli that precede the response
  22. 22What is law of effect?Behaviours that re followed by "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated, whereas those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated.
  23. 23What was Skinner Operant conditioning experiment?Worked with rats and Pigeon with reinforcement and punishment
  24. 24Punishment ... likelihood of a behaviordecreases
  25. 25Reinforcement ... likelihood of a behaviorincreases
  26. 26Positive for.. NEgative for..Positive:Provide
    Negative: remove
  27. 27Is punishment effective?No, does not extinguish undesirable behavior (not teaching what is the right thing to do)
  28. 28Do reinforcers always work?No, food = not always hundgry
  29. 29Operant conditioning 2 processesAcquisition
    -Shaping
    Extinction
  30. 30What is the difference between OC and CC aquisition?The procedures are differ dramatically
    -Shaping (the reinforcement of closer and closer desired responses)
  31. 31What is also called "continuous reinforcement" to get the desired behaviourShaping
  32. 32When we no longer reinforce a behaviour what could we expect?Extinction
  33. 33Definiton of extinction?The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
  34. 34What are the 2 main schedules of partial reinforcementRation scheduals
    Interval scheduales
  35. 35What are the 2 types of ratios schedules?Fixed ratio
    Variable ratios
  36. 36What are the 2 types of Interval schedules?Fixed interval
    Variable interval
  37. 37Example of a fixed ratio?Every tree you plant you get 1$
  38. 38Example of variable ratio?Casino machines
  39. 39Example of fixed - Interval ?Every 10 mins you get a chocolate
  40. 40Example of variable interval?The amount of waves you get when surfing you have to wait want you might miss some
  41. 41What are cognitive elements of OC?Mental representation of the physical features of the environment
    EX: When the animal instincts doesn't tell them to go to the same place even tought they found food there before
  42. 42Who invented Observational learning?Albert Bandura
  43. 43Social cognitive theory also called..Observational learning
  44. 44What is Observational learning also called?"social modelling"
  45. 45What contributes to Observational Learning (OL)?Mirror neurons
  46. 46Both .. and .. can take place though observationCC and OC
  47. 47What are the 4 basic processes to observational learning?Attention
    Retention
    Reproduction
    Motivation
  48. 48Can the observation of filmed models influence the learning or aggressive behavior in children?Yes
  49. 49Exposure to violent games increases what 4 things?Physiological arousal
    Agressive thought
    agressive emotions
    agressive actions
  50. 50Exposure to violent games decreases?positive prosocial actions
  51. 51What is latent learning?Process in which something is learned but is not manifested as behavioural change until later.
  52. 52secound order conditioning?CS is paired with stimulus that became associated with the US in an earlier procedure

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Grade 9 Gym Flashcards on Learning, created by Jessica Benjamin on 29/03/2023.
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