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Flashcards

Neuron and CNS anatomy: brain and spinal cord structures

Alise Brandt English 48 cards

Cards in this deck (48)

  1. 1Axon-"Talker" of a neuron; a long process that may or may be covered in myelin
    -Talks to other neurons at the dendrites
  2. 2Node of Ranvier-Gap between segments of myelin on axon
    -Where ion channels are within myelinated axons
  3. 3Dendrite-"Listener"
    -Shorter extensions/processes that receive information from another neuron from the environment
  4. 4Myelin-Wrapping of the axon
    -Protective covering of SOME axons
    -Increases the speed in which the electrical signal can travel within a neuron
  5. 5Axon HillockWhere action potentials are initiated
  6. 6Axon TerminalThe end of a neuron where
    neurotransmitters are released
  7. 7Cell BodyWhere the nucleus is housed within a neuron
  8. 8Spinal Nerve (Parts of the spinal cord)Mixed nerve containing sensory and motor nerves
  9. 9Dura MaterOuter fiberous membrane of the spinal cord and brain
  10. 10Pia MaterInnermost thin membrane covering the surface of the spinal cord and brain
  11. 11Arachnoid MaterMiddle membrane covering of the spinal cord and brain
  12. 12Spinous ProcessThe posterior part of the spinal vertebra
  13. 13Vertebral BodyThick part of the vertebrae which stacks on top of other vertebrae
  14. 14Dorsal Root Ganglion-Contains sensory neuron cell bodies
    -Enlargement of the root
  15. 15Dorsal HornSensory area within the grey matter of the spinal cord
  16. 16Ventral HornMotor area within the grey matter of the spinal cord
  17. 17Dorsal Root-Sensory "writing" attached to the spinal cord
    -Sensory neuron axons carrying sensory info INTO spinal cord
  18. 18Ventral Root-Motor "wiring" attached to the spinal cord
    -Motor neuron axons carrying motor commands OUT of the spinal cord
  19. 19Epidural SpaceSpace between the periosteum of the vertebra and the dura mater
  20. 20PeriosteumThin layer of connective tissue that covers surface of bones
  21. 21White MatterMyelinated nerve fibers in CNS
  22. 22Grey Matter-"H" shaped
    -Contains dorsal and ventral horns
  23. 23Cerebrum-Largest part in brain
    -Left and right hemisphere of brain
  24. 24Cerebral Cortex-Outer most layer of cerebrum
    -4 lobes
    -Rigid part of brain
    -Contains grey matter
  25. 25Temporal LobeSide part of brain
  26. 26Occipital LobeBack part of brain
  27. 27Frontal LobeFront part of brain
  28. 28Parietal LobeTop part of brain
  29. 29VentricleCavity or space in brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
    -4 ventricles in brain
  30. 30Choroid PlexusProduces cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) in ventricles
  31. 31Corpus Callosum-Translates info between left and right hemisphere
    -Largest white matter in brain
  32. 32Thalamus-Sensory relay station
    -Decides where to send or not send the signals it receives except smell
    -Top of brain stem between cerebral cortex and midbrain
  33. 33Hypothalamus-Below Thalamus
    -Controls pituitary gland
    -Regulates hunger, thirst and temp (ANS)
  34. 34Epithalamus (Pineal Gland)-Next to thalamus
    -Releases melatonin when light dims
  35. 35Midbrain-Auditory & visual reflex center
    -Located at top of brain stem
  36. 36Pons-Under Midbrain
    -Passes signals up and down
    -Connects brain to cerebellum
    -Begins REM sleep and disconnects
  37. 37Medulla Oblongata-Passes signals up and down
    -Connects brain to spinal cord
    -Most important
    -Basic life support
    -Mid spinal cord next to cerebellum
  38. 38Cerebellum-Coordination of movements
    -Behind brain stem (wirery looking)
    -Alcohol impairs cerebellum
  39. 39Pituitary Gland-Pea sized gland at base of brain
    -Below hypothalamus within sella tercia
  40. 40Motor CortexLeft-Right
    Right-Left
    -Center of brain
  41. 41Sensory Cortex-Parietal lobe
    -Processes sensory info
  42. 42Sensory Association Area-Tells you what you are touching
    -Adjacent to sensory cortex
  43. 43Premotor Cortex-Plans motor movements
    -Frontal lobe
  44. 44Prefrontal Cortex-Complex thoughts
    -Personality
    -Frontal lobe
  45. 45Visual Cortex-Visual stimuli
    -Interpretation of vision
    -Occipital lobe
  46. 46Auditory Cortex-Auditory stimuli
    -Temporal lobe
  47. 47Wernicke's AreaComprehension of written and spoken language
    -Temporal lobe
  48. 48Broca's Area-Motor Patterns for speech
    -To talk properly
    -Frontal lobe

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Flashcards on Untitled, created by Alise Brandt on 01/03/2024.
Created by
Alise Brandt
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