Flashcards
Atomic physics important definitions
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1What are nucleons?Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. Each is about 1800 times more massive than an electron, so virtually all of the atoms mass is in its nucleus.
- 2What is strong nuclear force?Electrons are held in orbit by the force of attraction between opposite charges. Protons and neutrons are bound tightly together in the nucleus by a different kind of force, called strong nuclear force.
- 3What is an element?All materials are made from about 100 basic substances called elements.
- 4What is an atom?it is the smallest 'piece' of element you can have.
- 5What are isotopes?the atoms of any one element are not exactly alike. Some may have more neutrons than others. these different versions of an element are called isotopes.
- 6What is mass number?the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the mass number.(or nucleon number)
- 7What is a nuclide?Each different type of atom is called a nuclide. for eg: lithium 7.
- 8What is the periodic table?the periodic table is a chart of all the elements. Elements in the same group have similar electron arrangements and similar chemical properties.
- 9What is nuclear radiation?the particles and waves that 'radiate' from the nucleus are called nuclear radiation.
- 10What are radioactive materials?Materials which emit nuclear radiation are known as radioactive materials.
- 11What is radioactive decay?the disintegration of a nucleus is called radioactive decay.
- 12What are ions?ions are charged atoms (or groups of atoms)
- 13What is background radiation?There is a small amount of radiation around us all the time because of radioactive materials in the environment. This is called background radiation. It mainly comes from natural resources such as soil, rocks, air- even space.
- 14What are parent nucleus, daughter nucleus and decay products?the original nucleus is called the parent nucleus. the nucleus formed is the daughter nucleus. the daughter nucleus and any emitted particles are the decay products.
- 15What is an antineutrino?an uncharged, almost massless relative of the electron is called antineutrino.
- 16What is activity in a radioactive sample?the average number of disintegrations per second is called the activity. the SI unit of activity is the becquerel (Bq).
- 17What is carbon dating?By measuring the activity of a sample, the age of the remains can be estimated. this is called carbon dating. for eg: age of wood and cloth.
- 18Fusionthe process by which energy is released in the core of the sun.
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- IGCSE Physics Flashcards on Atomic physics important definitions, created by manalnaushad on 13/02/2016.
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