Flashcards
Head continued
Cards in this deck (154)
- 1What is the action of occipitofrontalis muscle?Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead, protracts scalp
- 2What is the origin of orbicularis oculi?Medial orbital margin, median palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
- 3Where is the insertion of orbicularis oculi?Skin around the margin of the orbit, superior and inferior tarsi (tarsal plates)
- 4What is the name of the 1. inner part; 2. outer part, of the orbicularis oculi?Inner: palpebral part
Outer: orbital part - 5What are the three parts of orbicularis oculi?1. Palpebral
2. Orbital
3. Lacrimal - 6What is the action of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?Gently closes eyelid
- 7What is the action of the orbital part of orbicularis oculi?Tightly closes eyelids
- 8What is the function of the lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi?Passes posterior to lacrimal sac to aid drainage of tears
- 9What is the name of the oral sphincter?Orbicularis oris
- 10What is the action of orbicularis oris?Tonus: closes mouth
Phasic contraction: compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (e.g. when blowing) - 11What is the origin of the buccinator?Alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla. Pterygomandibular raphe (band).
- 12Where does the buccinator insert?Angle of mouth, fibres continue to become continuous with orbicularis oris
- 13What is the action of buccinator?Presses cheeks against molar teeth, works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces. Resists distension when blowing.
- 14What is the origin of platysma?Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
- 15Where does platysma insert?Base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth, orbicularis oris
- 16What is the action of platysma?Depresses mandible. Tenses skin of inferior face and neck.
- 17What nerve innervates all muscles of facial expression?Facial nerve CN VII
- 18What nerve supplies the majority of cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face?Trigeminal nerve CN V
- 19What nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?Mandibular nerve (motor root of trigeminal) CN V 3
- 20What part of the head do the cutaneous (sensory) branches of the cervical plexus supply?Posterior part of ear, posterior aspect of neck and scalp
- 21What nerve provides sensory (cutaneous) innervation for the area inferior to the auricle and much of the angle of the mandible?Great auricular nerve C2, C3
- 22What are the three nerves of the trigeminal ganglion?1. Ophthalmic nerve CN V 1
2. Maxillary nerve CN V 2
3. sensory component of Mandibular nerve CN V 3 - 23What are the major cutaneous branches of the ophthalmic nerve CN V 1?1. Supra-orbital
2. Supra-trochlear
3. Infra-trochlear
4. Lacrimal
5. External nasal? - 24What are the major cutaneous branches of the maxillary nerve CN V 2?1. Zygomatic
2. Infra-orbital
3. Zygomatico-facial - 25What are the amor cutaneous branches of the mandibular nerve CN V 3?1. Auriculo-temporal
2. Buccal
3. Mental - 26What are the four cervical nerves that provide sensory innervation of skin (from posterior to anterior)?1. Greater occipital C2
2. Third occipital C3
3. Lesser occipital C2, C3
4. Great auricular C2, C3 - 27Where does the facial nerve emerge from the cranium?Stylomastoid foramen
- 28What are the major branches of the facial nerve?1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Marginal mandibular
5. Cervical
Posterior auricular - 29What is the major arterial supply to the superficial face?Facial artery (branch of external carotid)
- 30Describe the course of the facial artery.Arises from external carotid artery ascending and passing medially deep to the submandibular gland. Curves around inferior border of the mandible and ascends on the face to the medial angle (canthus) of the eye.
- 31What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?Angular artery
- 32What are the major branches of the facial artery?1. Superior labial artery
2. Inferior labial artery
3. Lateral nasal artery
4. Angular artery - 33What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?1. Superficial temporal artery
2. Maxillary artery - 34How does the superficial temporal artery end?Divides into frontal and parietal branches over scalp.
- 35What is the main branch of the superficial temporal artery?Transverse facial artery
- 36What artery arises within the parotid gland and proceeds to cross anteriorly to the masseter to supply the face?Transverse facial artery
- 37What does the transverse facial artery supply?Parotid gland, duct, masseter, skin of face.
- 38What arteries supply the posterior and posterolateral aspects of the scalp?Branches of external carotid:
1. Occipital artery
2. Posterior auricular
3. Superficial temporal - 39What arteries supply the anterior and anterolateral aspects of the scalp?Branches of internal carotid:
1. Supratrochlear
2. Supraorbital - 40What artery do the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries arise from? How do they exit the cranium?Arise from ophthalmic artery (branch of ICA)
Supratrochlear: supratrochlear notch
Supraorbital: supraorbital foramen - 41What vessel passes through the mental foramen?Mental artery
- 42What vein provides the primary superficial venous drainage of the face?Facial vein
- 43What does the facial vein begin as?Angular vein, (begins at medial angle of the eye)
- 44What tributary of the facial vein drains the pterygoid venous plexus?Deep facial vein
- 45Where is the pterygoid plexus found?Infratemporal fossa
- 46Where are the only lymph nodes of the scalp/face located?Parotid/buccal area
- 47Where does lymph from the scalp and face drain into?Superficial ring (pericervical collar):
1. submental nodes
2. submandibular nodes
3. parotid nodes
4. mastoid nodes
5. occipital nodes - 48Where does lymph from the superficial ring of lymph nodes subsequently drain into?Deep cervical nodes (along IJV)
- 49Lymph from the lateral part of face and scalp would drain into what lymph nodes?Superficial parotid lymph nodes
- 50Lymph from the deep parotid lymph nodes would drain into what lymph nodes?Deep cervical lymph nodes
- 51Lymph from the upper lip and lateral part of lower lip would drain into what lymph nodes?Submandibular
- 52Lymph from the chin and central part of lower lip would drain into what lymph nodes?Submental
- 53What is the largest of the paired salivary glands?Parotid gland
- 54What is the name of the tough fascial capsule surrounding the parotid gland?Parotid sheath
- 55What is the parotid sheath derived from?Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
- 56Where is the parotid bed in relation to the external acoustic meatus?Anteroinferiorly
- 57Between what two structures is the deep part of parotid gland found?1. Ramus of mandible
2. Mastoid process - 58Where is the apex of the parotid gland located?Posterior to angle of mandible
- 59Where is the base of parotid gland in relation to bony structure?Near zygomatic arch
- 60How do secretions pass from the parotid gland to the oral cavity?Via parotid duct emerging from anterior edge of the gland. Travels superficial to the masseter, at the anterior border of masseter turns medially and pierces buccinator.
- 61Where is the orifice through which the parotid duct empties into the oral cavity?Opposite second maxillary molar tooth
- 62What structures are embedded with the parotid sheath (superficial to deep)?1. Parotid plexus of facial nerve CN VII (+branches)
2. Retromandibular vein
3. External carotid artery
4. Parotid lymph nodes - 63What nerve provides sensory innervation to the surface parotid sheath and overlying skin?Great auricular nerve C2, C3
- 64What nerve and vessel pass immediately superior to the parotid gland?1. Great auricular nerve branches
2. Superficial temporal artery
3. Superficial temporal vein
4. Auriculotemporal nerve branches - 65What nerve supplies the presynaptic parasympathetic (secretory fibres) to the parotid gland? Where do they synapse?Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Otic ganglion - 66What nerve conveys postsynaptic parasympathetic (secretory) fibres to the parotid gland from the otic ganglion?Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve CN V3)
- 67Parasympathetic stimulation of the parotid gland causes what?Secretion of thin, watery saliva
- 68What supplies sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?External carotid nerve plexus -derived from cervical ganglia
- 69What nerve supplies sensory nerve fibres to the parotid gland?Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)
- 70What bounds the temporal fossa posteriorly and superiorly?Superior and inferior temporal lines
- 71What bounds the temporal fossa anteriorly?Frontal and zygomatic bones
- 72What bounds the temporal fossa laterally?Zygomatic arch
- 73What bounds the temporal fossa inferiorly?Infratemporal crest
- 74What bones form the floor of the temporal fossa?1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Sphenoid (greater wing) - 75What forms the roof of the temporal fossa?Temporalis fascia
- 76What downwards protrusion is found on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?Articular tubercle of the temporal bone
- 77What name is given to the projection forming the posterior surface of the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?Postglenoid tubercle
- 78What part of the temporal bone contains the external acoustic meatus?Tympanic part
- 79What is the name given to the posterior-most continuation of the superior border of the zygomatic arch?Supramastoid crest
- 80What part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa?Condylar process
- 81What is the anterior projection on the ramus of the mandible?Coronoid process
- 82What is found between the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible?Notch of the mandible
- 83What projection of the maxilla is found just posterior to the posterior-most maxillary molar?Tuberosity of the maxilla
- 84What is given to the ridge of temporal bone found immediately superior to the external acoustic meatus?Suprameatal spine
- 85What process of the tympanic part of the temporal bone forms the root of the styloid process?Vaginal process
- 86What occupies the temporal fossa?Temporalis muscle
- 87What is the proximal attachment of the temporalis muscle?Broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa (to superior temporal line) and deep surface of temporalis fascia
- 88What is the distal attachment of temporalis?Narrow attachment to tip of medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
- 89What innervates the temporalis muscle?Deep temporal nerves (from anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V3)
- 90What grooves the temporal fossa (in a roughly vertical direction?Deep temporal vessels
- 91What is the action of temporalis?Elevates mandible (to close jaw).
Posterior fibres also retract mandible - 92Where does the temporalis fascia insert inferiorly? Why is this important?Zygomatic arch
It provides resistance when the masseter muscle exerts a strong downwards pull on the arch. - 93What bounds infratemporal fossa laterally?Ramus of the mandible
- 94What bounds the infratemporal fossa medially?Lateral pterygoid plate (of sphenoid bone)
- 95What bounds the infratemporal fossa anteriorly?Posterior aspect of maxilla
- 96What bounds the infratemporal fossa posteriorly?Tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes of temporal bone
- 97What bounds the infratemporal fossa superiorly?Inferior surface of greater of sphenoid
- 98What bounds the infratemporal fossa inferiorly?Medial pterygoid muscle as it attaches to the mandible (near its angle)
- 99What muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa?1. (Inferior part of) temporalis muscle
2. Medial pterygoid muscle
3. Lateral pterygoid muscle - 100What artery (+ its branches) is found in the infratemporal fossa?Maxillary artery
- 101What venous network is found in the infratemporal fossa?Pterygoid venous plexus
- 102What nerves and its branches are found in the infratemporal fossa?Mandibular (CN V3):
1. Inferior alveolar branch
2. Lingual branch
3. Buccal branch
Chorda tympani nerve (branch of facial nv CN VII) - 103What neural ganglion is found in the infratemporal fossa?Otic ganglion
- 104What are the muscles of mastication?1. Temporalis
2. Lateral pterygoid
3. Medial pterygoid
4. Masseter - 105What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?1. Infratemporal surface and crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid.
2. Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate - 106Where is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?Superior head: joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ
Inferior head: pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of condyloid process and neck of mandible - 107What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V 3
- 108What branches of the mandibular nerve innervate the lateral pterygoid muscle?Nerves to lateral pterygoid
- 109What is the action of the lateral pterygoid acting bilaterally?Protracts mandible ad depresses chin (opening of mouth)
- 110What is the action of the lateral pterygoid acting unilaterally?Swings jaw towards contralateral side.
Alternate unilateral contraction produces large lateral chewing movements - 111What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?1. Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
2. Tuberosity of maxilla - 112What is the insertion of medial pterygoid?Medial surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible (mirror image of masseter)
- 113What branch of the mandibular nerve innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?Nerve to medial pterygoid
- 114What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?Acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible (closing mouth). Contributes to protrusion of the mouth
- 115What action is produced by alternate unilateral activity of the medial pterygoid?Small grinding movements
- 116What is the origin of the masseter muscle?Inferior and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone.
Zygomatic arch - 117Where is the insertion of the masseter?Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
- 118What branch of mandibular nerve supplies the masseter?Masseteric nerve
- 119What is the action of the masseter?Elevates mandible.
(Some contribution to protrusion of mandible) - 120Where does the maxillary artery arise in relation to the bony skeleton?Posterior to neck of mandible
- 121After transversing the infratemporal fossa what does the maxillary artery pass through?Pterygomaxillary fissure to enter the pterygopalatine fossa
- 122What relation to the maxillary artery divides it anatomically into three parts?Lateral pterygoid muscle
- 123What are the three parts of the maxillary artery?1. Retromandibular (first) part
2. Pterygoid (second) part
3. Pterygopalatine (third) part - 124What are the branches of the retromandibular part of the maxillary artery? What do they supply?Deep auricular = external acoustic meatus
Anterior tympanic = tympanic membrane
Middle meningeal = dura & calvaria
Accessory meningeal = cranial cavity
Inferior alveolar = mandible, gingivae, teeth, floor of mouth - 125What are the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery? What do they supply?Deep temporal (ant. & post.) = temporalis muscle
Pterygoid = pterygoid muscles
Masseteric = masseter muscle
Buccal = buccinator muscle, mucosa of cheek - 126What are the branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery? What do they supply?Posterior superior alveolar = maxillary molars & premolars, buccal gingiva, lining of maxillary sinus
Infra-orbital = inferior eyelid, lacrimal sac, infra-orbital face, side of nose, upper lip
Descending palatine = mucous membrane + glands of palate & gingiva
Artery of pterygoid canal = superior pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, tympanic cavity
Pharyngeal = roof of pharynx, sphenoidal sinus, inferior part of pharyngotympanic tube
Sphenopalatine = nasal cavity - 127What veins does the pterygoid plexus drain into?Anteriorly: deep fascial vein to fascial vein
(mostly) Posteriorly: maxillary vein to retromandibular veins - 128Through what opening does the mandibular V3 nerve enter the infratemporal fossa?Foramen ovale
- 129What are the branches of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?1. Auriculotemporal
2. Lingual
3. Inferior alveolar - 130What are the branches of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?1. Buccal
2. Branches to four muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids) - 131What ganglion is found in the infratemporal fossa? Where is it located?Otic ganglion.
Just inferior to foramen ovale, medial to the mandibular nerve, posterior to lateral pterygoid muscle - 132What fibres tend to synapse in the otic ganglion?Presynaptic parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- 133What fibres pass through the otic ganglion without synapsing? Where do they supply?Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres, travel via auriculotemporal nerve to supply the parotid gland (secretory)
- 134What do the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve encircle?Middle meningeal artery
- 135What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?1. Sensory fibres to auricle and temporal region
2. Articular fibres to temporomandibular joint
3. Parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to parotid gland - 136Between what two muscular structures do the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves descend?Between lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- 137What bony structure does the inferior alveolar nerve enter? What does it form and then what does it supply?Enters mandibular foramen to run along mandibular canal.
Forms inferior dental plexus.
Supplies branches to mandibular teeth - 138What nerve does the inferior alveolar nerve give off before entering the mandibular foramen?Nerve to mylohyoid
- 139What nerve passes through the mental foramen? What does it originate from? What does it supply?Mental nerve (from inferior dental plexus).
Originates from inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular V3)
Sensory innervation to skin and mucous membrane of lower lip, skin of chin and gingiva of mandibular incisor teeth - 140What lies more anteriorly throughout its course, the inferior alveolar or the lingual nerve?Lingual
- 141What does the lingual nerve supply?Sensory to:
anterior 2/3 of tongue
floor of mouth
lingual gingivae - 142What does the lingual nerve pass between to enter the mouth?Between medial pterygoid muscle and ramus of mandible. Runs under cover of oral mucosa, medial and just inferior to 3rd molar tooth
- 143What nerve does the chorda tympani arise from?Facial VII
- 144What does the chorda tympani supply?1. taste fibres to anterior 2/3 of tongue
2. presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands - 145What does the chorda tympani join with in the infratemporal fossa?Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular)
- 146What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?Hinge-type synovial joint
- 147What are the surfaces of the TMJ covered with?Fibrocartilage
- 148What separates the TMJ into two synovial compartments?Articular disc
- 149What is the intrinsic ligament that strengthens the TMJ?Thickened part of fibrous joint capsule:
lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament) - 150What bony structure prevents posterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint?Postglenoid tubercle
- 151What three ligaments connect the mandible to the cranium?1. Lateral ligament
2. Stylomandibular ligament
3. Sphenomandibular ligament - 152Where does the stylomandibular ligament run?From styloid process to the angle of the mandible (it is a continuation of a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland)
- 153Where does the sphenomandibular ligament run?From spine of sphenoid to lingula of the mandible
- 154What is the source of primary passive support of the mandible?Sphenomandibular ligament
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- Year 1 Anatomy & SF2 Flashcards on Head continued, created by Lou Clark on 30/12/2016.
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- Lou Clark
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