mapa conceptual u.3 science

SCIENCE UNIT 3: INTERNAL DYNAMICS

Processes of shaping the landscape

Land degradation

Types of landscape and landforms

WEATHERING (constant decaying of rocks and surfaces )

EROSION (constant disintegration of rocks and surfaces)

SEDIMENTATION (process of deposition of a solid material from a state of suspension or solution in a fluid)

chemical

biological

physical or mechanical

physical

Agents: wind, water and ice

other factors, like climate change

LANDSCAPES

LANDFORMS

RUNNING WATER: delta, valley, canyon

HUMAN

WAVES: beach, weathered cliff, smooth shells at beach

GLACIERS: mountain pass

WIND: sand dunes

NATURAL

mountain, coastal, deserts, karst or caves, riverine...

mountain glaciers, rivers and rain water, groundwater...

OTHER LANDFORMS EXAMPLES: meanders, cirques, chemical rocks, stalactites, mushroom rocks, reg, arch, hoodoos...

buildings, roads, transport, energy, sewerage and telecommunication systems.

features of human landscapes

it refers to human practices and tecnologies that extract or degrade the soil´s resources faster than they can be replenished, and lose the ability to produce nutrients or food.

SOIL

retains

HUMIDITY

holds

protects

VEGETATION

SOIL

desertification

CAUSES:

soil erosion (natural and human activity)

salinity

LAND DEGRADATION SOLUTIONS:

washing or blowing away of the top layer of soil

transformation of fertile land into dry, desert like areas. these is caused by overgrazing, deforestation and poor managed agricultue

high level of salt in the soil, which kills plants. this is caused by deforestation, over-irrigated and by the use of chemical fertilizers.

reducing deforestation and replant (increase the vegetable cover)

preventing salinisation

enviromental policies

conservation techniques in land cultivation (like strip farming or crop rotation)