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READING PROCESSES

Intensive reading

Extensive reading

Top-down reading process

Bottom-up reading process

Interactive approach

involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks

involves learners reading texts for enjoyment and to develop general reading skills.

intensive reading refers to reading short texts thoroughly and with clear goals, such as to answer reading comprehension questions or to identify how sentences are linked.

its goal include learning subject matter, vocabulary learning and studying the authors’ intentions.

In other words, the goal of intensive reading is not limited to reading comprehension.

learners read extensively, they read very easy, enjoyable books to build their reading speed and fluency.

Extensive Reading gives students chances to read longer pieces of reading, which they choose, which they can read at their own speed and at their own ability level.

One objective of Extensive Reading is reading for pleasure.

Happens when someone uses background information to predict the meaning of language they are going to listen to or read.

Top-down processing has to do with how you use your background knowledge of the world to comprehend a text.

Instead of relying on understanding individual letters, words, sentences or sounds, the reader / listener uses information and knowledge that might come from outside the text.

Rather than relying first on the actual words or sounds (bottom up), they develop expectations about what they will hear or read

happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading)

moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.

Learners can be encouraged to use both bottom-up and top-down strategies to help them understand a text

Asking learners to read aloud may encourage bottom-up processing because they focus on word forms, not meaning.

The reader building their understanding by using their previous knowledge about the topic and the clues from the text together.

An interactive reading approach enables readers to be consistently challenged and also encourages them to use what they already know.

In the interactive approach the responsibility of learning and teaching is shared between the student and teacher.

Reading comprehension involves the entirety of a reader: Their background, experiences and previous knowledge.